精炼蓖麻油方法探讨

蓖麻油系不干性油,为甘油三酸酯的混合物。其组成的脂肪酸多为蓖麻酸及其异构体,分子式为12—羟基十八碳-烯[9、10]酸,CH_3(CH_2)5-CH-CH_2-CH=CH-(CH_2)_7COOH。由于羟基的影响,使蓖麻油能微溶于水,能与乙醇混合,不溶于乙醚和石油醚。由于羧基(-COOH)的存在,与其它脂肪酸一样,蓖麻酸可与金属氢氧化物中和生成盐类(即肥皂)。反应方程式为:     

港口城市成长的理论与实证探讨

以宁波为例，着重探讨港口对港口城市发展的促进作用和港口城市的成长模式。认为港口对区域经济发展的推动作用，首先表为港口建设促进港口城市成长和城市中心职能的增强，然后是港口通过港口城市的中心带动作用推动区域经济的发展。     

Assessment of different mcy genes for detecting the toxic to non-toxic Microcystis ratio in the field by multiplex qPCR

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms, especially Microcystis blooms, occur worldwide and draw widespread attention. The dynamics of microcystin-producing Microcystis and competition between microcystin-producing Microcystis and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis are key to predicting and treating Microcystis blooms. Multiplex qPCR is a useful tool to assess such issues. In this study, we developed multiplex qPCR methods with newly-designed probes and primers for the microcystin-synthesis related genes mcyA and mcyE. We used seven toxic Microcystis strains and four non-toxic Microcystis strains to compare the differences in the ratios of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis in mixed cultures, which were calculated using abundances of the genes mcyA, mcyB, mcyD, mcy E and phycocyanin( PC). We also compared traditional cell counting and multiplex qPCR. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis indicated that mcyD was the most suitable mcy gene for quantification in laboratory experiments. mcyB abundances were always higher; we suggest that the amount of toxic Microcystis measured using mcyB might overestimate the actual percentages.     

近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变(英文)

The mouth bar in the Yangtze estuarine waterways has a significant influence on navigational transport within the estuary,flood discharge and construction of the Shanghai Port.In this paper the morphological evolution and mechanisms of mouth bar formation of the Yangtze estuarine waterways are studied by analyzing hundreds of years of historical data and the latest profile maps of some or the main mouth bar channels in the Yangtze Estuary.The results are shown as follows:The mouth bars in the North Branch have moved gradually from outside the mouth to the inside and formed a huge sand bar.In the North Channel,the head of the mouth bar has migrated about 30 kilometers downstream,and a channel bar has been developing since 2001.Two mouth bar tops,which always existed in the North Passage,disappeared in 2010.The head of the mouth bar in the South Passage has migrated downstream about 14 km and the number of tops increased at first but is reduced to only one now.According to the results,we can conclude that the evolution of the mouth bars differs depending on their location.In the North Branch it is directly related to large-scale reclamation in Chongming Island,but in the North Passage it has a close relationship with regulation of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel.However,the evolution of mouth bars in the North Channel and South Passage is not only connected with the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project,but also with the reclamation in the East Hengsha Shoal and the closure of the Qingcaosha Reservoir.     

理论时距曲线法

简单介绍本文叙述根据地震反射波时距曲线,利用理论时距曲线量板测定速度的方法。说明用本方法整理单独的、相遇的及时距曲线族的办法。本文供地震队工程师和解释技术员,以及地震勘探范围内其他专家之用。     

关于库车巴会基奇克组时代的讨论

根据近年来对新疆库车前陆盆地及北部坳陷中生代主要储气层巴会基奇克组介形类、轮藻和孢粉化石的研究，认为该组主体的地质时代应为早白垩世中期。     

西南天山前寒武纪基底时代和特征：锆石U—Pb年龄和Nd—Sr同位素组成

采用锆石U-Pb定年方法,精确测定了西南天山木扎尔特群花岗片麻岩的结晶锆石年龄为（707±13）Ma(MSWD=0.33)。元素地球化学特征和低的ε     

关于库车巴什基奇克组时代的讨论

根据近年来对新疆库车前陆盆地及北部坳陷中生代主要储气层巴什基奇克组介形类、轮藻和孢粉化石的研究 ,认为该组主体的地质时代应为早白垩世中期。     

煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况与评价——以鲁西南煤炭基地为例

通过对鲁西南煤炭基地若干混堆的煤矸石山周围耕作层土壤的实际调查及分析测试资料,研究了煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况。结果表明,土壤局部已经受到Cd、Ni的污染,但未出现多金属复合污染状况。煤矸石堆附近土壤已经受到采矿等人类活动的影响,其中Cd,Hg的人为影响最大。从8种重金属元素含量随深度的变化曲线形态来看,Hg,Cd2种元素与Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,As6种元素曲线形态显示差异性,Hg,Cd元素在土壤中赋存、迁移等应具特殊性,有待进一步研究。     

四川省南部县土壤地球化学元素分布特征研究

基于成渝地区土地质量地球化学调查资料,研究四川南部县土壤中54种元素的地球化学特征。结果表明,与全国土壤相比,研究区重金属元素As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn基准值较低,Cd、Cr较高,Ni相当;多数重金属元素和植物营养元素背景值低于全国A层土壤背景值,仅CaO、Cd、MgO、Cr、F等的背景值高于全国土壤水平。多数元素(指标)背景值与基准值相当,说明表生作用和人为活动对表层土壤影响较小;而C、CaO、Cd、Org.C、I、MgO、N、P、S、Se等10种元素(指标)在表层土壤富集,表明这些元素受自身地球化学行为和人为活动输入影响。第四系和侏罗系遂宁组地层表层土壤元素分布差异较大,富集或贫化特征明显。就pH值而言,Cd、F、Cl、Mn、N、P、K₂O、S、CaO、C、Org.C均在碱性环境含量较高,As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Co、B、Mo、Ge、TFe₂O₃、SiO₂在酸性环境含量高,多数元素在中性环境中趋于稳定。