2006年夏季主要天气系统及环流特征分析

简要介绍了2006年夏季的主要天气过程和形势。2006年夏季我国华南地区出现严重洪涝,淮河流域、东北大部、河套西部降雨异常偏多,而长江流域降雨偏少。6月造成华南地区强降雨的影响天气系统为切变线和地面静止锋,7、8月则为台风。2006年的梅雨期在典型梅雨常见的中高纬度乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压均未建立,中高纬度高压位于贝加尔湖以西,低纬度副高位置比气候平均稍偏北。华北地区的暴雨过程多为低槽冷锋造成。东北地区多低涡活动。2006年夏季登陆我国的台风偏早、偏多、偏强,特别是4号台风“碧利斯”和8号台风“桑美”给我国造成了巨大的经济损失。与2005年相比,2006年我国西南地区的高温日数异常偏多,四川、重庆出现了特大伏旱,华北地区的高温日数偏少,但也出现了持续闷热天气,江南部分地区的高温天数也偏多,东北基本未出现高温天气。     

“四防”检测工作的几点思考

“防雷、防火、防静电、防爆（炸）”是现代工业社会安全管理的一大课题。气象部门一是因为雷击事件的“雷”是天气因素而与防雷有了联系;二是气象部门的从业人员绝大多数受过正规培训,业务素质较好,有从事“四防检测”的能力;三是在“有偿服务”政策的指导下,机关为增强活力,主动扩大服务面;而更重要的是“四防”安全的具体实施要有人管起来。1996年,宝鸡市公安局、宝鸡市气象局联合行文,对市属十二个县区的液化气站、加油站、化工厂、油库实施“四防”安全技术检测。两年来,消灭事故隐患8起;接受“四防”安全知识培训的200人次…     

长锚索钻孔弯曲的预防与测量

简要说明了锚孔弯曲的危害,对有关规范要求和影响锚孔弯曲的基本因素进行了分析,提出了目前预防锚孔弯曲的基本技术措施及测量技术,并对我国长锚索钻孔测斜仪器的研制开发提出了建议。     

江淮流域持续性强降水过程的多尺度物理模型

本文对江淮流域持续性暴雨事件（PHREs）的多尺度物理模型和能量转换特征以及青藏高原东部对流系统东移影响下游地区降水的研究成果进行了总结。从欧亚大陆Rossby波列能量频散的角度揭示了江淮流域PHREs中纬度系统槽脊稳定的机制,定量分析了冷暖空气的源地和输送路径,提出了江南型和江北型PHREs的多尺度物理模型。从天气尺度和次天气尺度之间的能量转换角度呈现了不同尺度系统相互作用的物理图像,指出背景场的能量供给是直接触发暴雨的次天气尺度系统维持的最重要因子,尤其是在对流层的低层,动能的降尺度级串（即能量由背景场传递给次天气尺度系统）最强。研究表明青藏高原东部对流系统东移影响江淮流域的降水是一系列天气系统配合和活跃的结果,主要由青藏高原和四川盆地、二级地形和东部平原之间的热力环流、西南涡、二级地形以东中尺度涡旋和对流系统的共同影响。除了本文总结的内容,还有一些影响PHREs的因子值得深入研究,多尺度相互作用中的Rossby波源及其波列如何影响天气系统,中尺度系统对其背景场的能量反馈等。     

Classification of persistent heavy rainfall events over South China and associated moisture source analysis

Persistent heavy rainfall events (PHREs) over South China during 1981–2014 were selected and classified by an objective method, based on the daily precipitation data at 752 stations in China. The circulation characteristics, as well as the dry-cold air and moisture sources of each type of PHREs were examined. The main results are as follows. A total of 32 non-typhoon influenced PHREs in South China were identified over the study period. By correlation analysis, the PHREs are divided into three types: SC-A type, with its main rainbelt located in the coastal areas and the northeast of Guangdong Province; SC-B type, with its main rainbelt between Guangdong Province and Guangxi Region; and SC-C type, with its main rainbelt located in the north of Guangxi Region. For the SC-A events, dry-cold air flew to South China under the steering effect of troughs in the middle troposphere which originated from the Ural Mountains and West Siberia Plain; whereas, the SC-C events were not influenced by the cold air from high latitudes. There were three water vapor pathways from low-latitude areas for both the SC-A and SC-C PHREs. The tropical Indian Ocean was the main water vapor source for these two PHRE types, while the South China Sea also contributed to the SC-C PHREs. In addition, the SC-A events were also influenced by moist and cold air originating from the Yellow Sea. Generally, the SC-C PHREs belonged to a warm-sector rainfall type, whose precipitation areas were dominated by southwesterly wind, and the convergence in wind speed was the main reason for precipitation.     

暗纹东方鲀生长性状相关微卫星标记筛选

为了筛选与暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)生长相关的分子标记,作者采用SSR结合BSA技术对同龄孵化群体的同池养殖暗纹东方鲀生长差异性状标记进行筛选。利用85对微卫星引物对暗纹东方鲀生长快、慢各30尾个体构建的两个基因池进行分析,共筛选到14个差异位点。然后分析这14个差异微卫星位点在这60个暗纹东方鲀个体中的基因型差异,结果表明:位点TOP03、TOG01、fms15、fms75与生长性状呈现极显著负相关关系(P0.01),fms89与生长性状呈现极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。用另外30个个体(生长快慢各15个)进行验证实验后,结果只有位点fms15、fms75与生长性状显著相关,相关系数分别为–0.411和–0.384。这两个微卫星位点对于暗纹东方鲀生长性状有显著效应,为开展暗纹东方鲀的分子标记辅助育种提供了有价值的参考标记。     

Squall Line and Its Vertical Motion Under Different Moisture Profiles in Eastern China

The impacts of different moisture profiles on the structure and vertical motion of squall lines were investigated by conducting a set of numerical simulations. The base state was determined by an observational sounding, with high precipitable water representing moist environmental conditions in the East Asian monsoon region. To reveal the impact of moisture at different levels, the moisture content at the middle and low levels were changed in the numerical simulations. The numerical results showed that more convective cells developed and covered a larger area in the high moisture experiments, which was characteristic of the convection during the Meiyu season in China. In addition, high moisture content at low levels favored the development of updrafts and triggered convection of greater intensity. This was demonstrated by the thermodynamic parameters, including Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), Lifted Index (LI), Lift Condensation Level (LCL), and Level of Free Convection (LFC). Dry air at middle levels led to strong downdrafts in the environment and updrafts in clouds. This could be because dry air at middle levels favors the release of latent heat, thereby promoting updrafts in clouds and downdrafts in the environment. Therefore, high relative humidity (RH) at low levels and low RH at middle levels favors updrafts in the cloud cores. Additionally, moist air at low levels and dry air at middle levels promotes the development of convective cells and the intensification of cold pool. The squall line can be organized by the outflow boundary induced by cold pool. The balance of cold pool and environmental wind shear is favorable for the maintenance and strengthening of squall lines.     

深孔岩心钻探装备配置应用技术趋势分析

在国内地勘钻探施工企业普遍开始对岩心钻探装备进行更新和升级的背景下,通过广泛调研,对深孔岩心钻探装备的配置、应用及技术发展趋势进行了分析,并从使用者的角度对我国深孔全液压动力头钻机等装备的研发提出了建议。     

新疆加曼特金矿矿床地质特征及流体包裹体初探

加曼特金矿床距尼勒克县城北北西30km,矿区面积11.12km2。区域上位于伊犁亚板块的博罗霍洛古生代岛弧区也列莫顿成矿带,该矿带构造上处于伊犁亚板块北缘的博罗霍洛早古生代岛弧带,其西邻为赋存阿希大型金矿床的吐拉苏成矿带。吐拉苏-也列莫顿成矿(火山岩)带是西天山地区晚古生代重要金矿成矿区,其呈一狭