基于GF-1与Landsat-8影像的山区苹果园地信息提取

GF-1卫星影像具有空间和时间分辨率高、纹理信息丰富等优势,而Landsat-8卫星影像具有多波段、光谱信息充足等优势。针对两种影像的特点,本文分别用面向对象分类方法进行苹果园地信息提取研究,结果表明:两种影像的分类精度都比较高,但由于研究区域属于山区,地块分布不均匀,GF-1影像发挥其空间分辨率较高的优势,苹果园地面积提取精度比Landsat-8高1.19%。     

Power Drive Xceed指向式旋转导向系统在渤海某油田的应用

通过对PowerDriveXceed指向式旋转导向钻具外部结构、内部组成以及工作原理的简要说明,对该钻具和泥浆马达钻具在安全性、时效性2方面进行了对比。最后通过PowerDriveXceed指向式旋转导向钻具在渤海某油田的应用,进行了其与泥浆马达钻具在轨迹控制、机械钻速以及近钻头连续井斜方位的对比分析,给出了渤海在水平井常用的泥浆马达钻具和PowerDriveXceed指向式旋转导向钻具的使用模式,为其它地区使用该工具提供了参考经验。     

简易切管器

目前所使用的割管器,以水压切管器最普遍,但这种切管器制作较难,成本亦高,且常由于制作质量不好,而难以获得预期的成效,我队最近按照苏联新近的经验,制造了一种简易切管器,经实际使用,效果良好,此种切管器制作简单,成本低,操作容易,为了广泛交流经验,兹将制作及使用经验介绍如下：     

基于SE-Inception-v3的星系形态分类模型

随着天文探测技术的快速发展, 海量的星系图像数据不断产生, 能够及时高效地对星系图像进行形态分类对研究星系的形成与演化至关重要. 针对传统的星系形态分类模型特征选择困难、分类速度慢、准确率受限等难题, 提出一种以Inception-v3神经网络为主干结构, 融合压缩激励(Squeeze and Excitation Network, SE)通道注意力机制的星系形态分类模型. 该模型在斯隆数字巡天(Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS)样本的测试集准确率高达99.37%. 旋涡星系、圆形星系、中间星系、雪茄状星系与侧向星系的F1值分别为99.33%、99.58%、99.33%、99.41%与99.16%. 该模型与Inception-v3、MobileNet (Mobile Neural Network)和ResNet (Residual Neural Network)网络模型相比, SE-Inception-v3宽度和深度优势表现出更强的特征提取能力, 可以高效识别不同形态的星系, 为未来大型巡天计划的大规模星系形态分类问题提供了一种新方法.     

不同施工机械碾压下矿区复垦土壤物理性质的变化

以国家自然科学基金为依托建立模拟实验区,探究不同施工机械和碾压次数下的土壤物理指标(压实度、容重、孔隙度、含水量、电导率和温度)的变化。研究结果表明:随土层深度的增加,压实度、容重和电导率逐渐递增,孔隙度、含水量和温度逐渐递减;随碾压次数的增加,压实度和容重逐渐递增,孔隙度逐渐递减,土壤含水量、电导率和温度先增加后降低,其中使用自卸汽车时,3次碾压指标值最高,使用履带式推土机时,5次碾压指标值最高,而使用履带式推土机的处理效果要好于使用自卸汽车;通过对各处理与对照间的拟合度分析发现,使用履带式推土机碾压5次的土壤中各指标与对照拟合度最高,表明采用"履带式推土机×碾压5次"的组合,复垦土壤中物理性质与正常土壤最为接近。     

A Study of the Impacts of the Spatial Differences in Climate Engineering Programs on the Extreme Intensities of High-Temperature Events in China Under A 1.5°C Temperature Control Target

Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering (G4 test) and non-climate engineering (RCP4.5), the regional differences in the extreme high-temperature intensities in China during the implementation of climate engineering programs (2020 to 2069) and after the implementation of those programs (2070 to 2099) were analyzed using a Weibull Distribution Theory. The results indicated the following: (1) The results of this study’s comparison between the two scenarios had shown that climate engineering had not fundamentally changed the spatial features of the high and low differentiations for the extreme high-temperature intensities with the different recurrence periods in China. It was found that in both scenarios, the extreme high-temperature intensities were characterized by the spatial differentiations of low-temperature intensities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and high-temperature intensities in the eastern and northwestern region; (2) This study’s comparison results of the two scenarios had indicated that the climate engineering processes during the two study periods could potentially help mitigate the extreme high-temperature intensities with different recurrence periods in China. Furthermore, the mitigation effects during the implementation period would be significantly higher than those after the implementation; (3) This study’s results of the comparison between the periods ranging from 2020 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099 under the proposed climate engineering scenarios suggested that there would be no strong rebounding of the extreme high-temperatures following the implementation of climate engineering programs, and the mitigation effects on the extreme high-temperature intensities during the implementation of the climate engineering programs would be significantly higher than after the implementation of the programs; (4) When comparisons were made of the changes of the average temperatures in China before and after the implementation of climate engineering programs, the results had shown that the average temperature in China had been reduced by at least 1.25℃ as a result of climate engineering, which would effectively alleviate the global warming trend, and could also be conducive to the realization of a temperature control target of 1.5℃ in accordance with the Paris Agreement.     

校园地下管线数据采集及处理的研究

地下管线在校园建设中非常重要。随着校园建设的飞速发展,校园地下管线数据与日俱增,传统的数据处理、存储、维护已经不能满足要求。因此,利用数字测量技术采集管线数据,并采用地理信息系统技术,处理、管理数据势在必行。本文以校园地下管线为例,使用AutoCAD、ArcGIS和ArcEngine高效地完成了以Geodatabase模型为基础的管线数据采集、处理、入库等工作,提高了管线数据的质量,实现了地下管线的动态管理与维护。     

长江下游地区中生代构造活动与岩浆作用

一、地质发育概况 长江下游地区在地质发育进程中历经了多次构造旋回,经受多期构造作用的迭加和改造。     

GPS基线解算方案的选择

针对基线解算质量的提高,除了在野外观测时必须按要求采取相应措施减少各种不利因素的影响外,还需要在必要时通过一定的手段来改进基线向量成果,提高网平差精度。通过南方测绘GNSS数据处理软件对不同卫星高度截止角、历元间隔、参考卫星的选择进行了研究,重点对比分析了各种基线解算方案对基线解算结果的影响,为使用者进行GPS基线解算提供有益的参考。通过实验数据的对比分析可知:在用软件进行基线解算时,需要综合考虑卫星数目的多少、同步观测时间,以及卫星的追踪总结图等。     

基于有限体积法的二维大地电磁各向异性数值模拟

为了计算带任意地形的各向异性介质中二维大地电磁响应,本文在非结构化网格的基础上,采用有限体积法,开发了二维大地电磁各向异性正演模拟的新算法.首先,从Maxwell方程出发,推导二维各向异性介质中大地电磁场的边值问题;然后,采用三角网格自动生成技术对求解区域进行非结构化网格剖分,进而构建节点中心控制体积单元,利用有限体积方法,得到求解边值问题的大型稀疏线性方程组;最后,利用Pardiso精确地计算了大地电磁响应值.三个各向异性模型的计算结果表明,本文开发的有限体积算法,不仅能够高精度求解带任意地形的大地电磁电导率各向异性问题,而且对于同一模型,该方法的计算消耗和精度都与有限单元法相当.因此,有限体积法是处理电磁法各向异性问题的一种有效方法.