东北地区人口结构与经济发展耦合关系研究

以东北地区34个地级市为研究对象,利用灰色关联模型和耦合度模型,对东北地区人口结构与经济发展的耦合关系进行分析,结果表明：① 人口结构与经济发展整体处于中高等关联水平,人口文化素质和城市化水平对东北地区经济发展的驱动作用明显;② 自2000年以来,东北地区人口结构与经济发展耦合关系整体经历了波动上升、平稳下降、缓慢上升的过程;③ 人口结构与经济发展相互影响、相互制约,在经济发展的不同阶段,经济发展与人口结构均处于协调发展状态,但是协调水平高低不同;④ 各省人口结构与经济发展耦合度变化差异较大,辽宁省两系统的耦合度呈现出与整个东北地区大致相同的变化趋势。     

南海北部中尺度涡与内波相遇的特征分析

基于2009年12月~2010年4月南海北部大陆坡上东沙岛以西的一套潜标资料,分析一个中尺度涡与内波相遇时海水温度的变化特征。根据潜标上的温压记录,利用功率谱分析,发现潜标布放处存在周期为20~30 min的内孤立波及全日和半日周期的内潮;结合海表面高度异常资料,描述此处一个中尺度涡的经过过程。利用天文潮大潮发生的时间规律,推断出中尺度涡与内波的相遇,从而解释了压力记录的异常变化。根据中尺度涡与内波各自引起的海流流向,分析在本次观测中两者相遇时的共同作用所引起的海水温度的垂向变化,即当两者引起的流向相反时,内波引起的日周期等温线波动由上凸型弧状变为下凹型弧状,短时震荡由向下振荡变化为向上振荡。     

旧石器时代至商周时期贵州遗址空间分布及其自然环境背景(英文)

This study presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of 230 archaeological sites in Guizhou Province, Southwest China for three selected time periods from the Paleolithic Age to the Shang-Zhou Dynasties. The relationship between archaeological sites distribution and environmental changes is also discussed based on paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C recorded in stalagmites from Southwest China. The results show that: in the Paleolithic Age(260–10 ka BP), archaeological sites were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts of Guizhou, where the high-altitudinal karst landforms with many natural caves suitable for human habitation are developed. In the Neolithic Age(10–3.6 ka BP), most of human settlements were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts, while, a fewer sites were found on river terraces in the southern and eastern parts, and the intermontane basins in the central and western Guizhou. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasties(3.6–2.2 ka BP), the sites were mainly distributed in the intermontane basins and on river terraces, which were suitable for primitive aerial farming. The analysis of paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C since 260 ka BP suggested that climate fluctuations had little impact on human settlements in this study area. The distinct physical environment, especially the spatial patterns of karst landforms and arable land played an important role in the archaeological sites distribution of Guizhou.     

全新世浙江地区气候变化对史前文化的影响(英文)

The temporal-spatial distribution features of prehistoric cultures since the Holocene in Zhejiang region were comparatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis. Results show that the prehistoric cultures expanded gradually in this region before 4000 cal. a BP. The notable expansions occurred twice, one in the Majiabang-Hemudu cultural period, the other in the Liangzhu cultural period. Meanwhile, the prehistoric cultures were disseminated from west to east coast along river valleys. After 4000 cal. a BP, as represented by the Maqiao Culture, the distributed area of each prehistoric culture contracted. This is obviously due to the termination of spreading trends to east coast, which was simultaneously accompanied by two different modes of production and economic transitions in the north and south Zhejiang region respectively. The distribution of prehistoric cultures was closely related with Holocene sea-level fluctuations, especially on the banks of Hangzhou Bay, where the distribution changes of prehistoric cultural sites were greatly affected by sea-level changes, with the closest relationships between them. After 7000 cal. a BP, the process of lowered sea-level and regression-epeirogenesis provided wider terrestrial living spaces for prehistoric inhabitants. Based on the comparative analyses of the changes of prehistoric cultures and the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qianmutian subalpine peat of Mt. Tianmu and muddy area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea, it is indicated that the changes of prehistoric cultures were synchronized with environmental changes in Zhejiang region. Before 4000 cal. a BP, the eastward expansion of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the background of the Holocene Optimum, and was the expansion and extension under the joint influences of agricultural civilization and maritime civilization. However, after 4000 cal. a BP, the geographical contraction of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the back-ground of dry-cold climate trend and deterioration of coastal marine environment. It is evidenced from the above fact that the development, expansion and contraction of prehistoric cultures are positively correlated to environmental change. The change of the climatic environment is just the underlying reason for these changes and transitions of production modes and economic forms. Therefore, the climatic environment is the dominant factor of prehistoric culture vicissitudes in Zhejiang region, which has exerted great influence on distribution, dissemination, expansion and transmutation of the culture.     

贵州不同等级降水日数气候特征及其与降水量的关系

利用1963 2011年贵州81个测站逐日降水资料,分析了近49年贵州不同等级降水日数的气候特征,探讨了不同等级降水日数在降水变化中的作用。结果表明,随着降水等级的上升,对应该等级的雨日迅速减少;贵州总雨日及小雨日呈西多东少的分布,而中雨日、大雨日及暴雨日则呈南多北少分布;近49年贵州总雨日、小雨日、中雨日、大雨日整体上都呈减少趋势,而暴雨日却呈一定的增加趋势;小雨日与总雨日都是在20世纪80年代初期之后逐步减少,21世纪初期之后降幅更加明显,而中雨日在20世纪60 80年代初多波动,在21世纪初后迅速下降,大雨日和暴雨日均经历了两次较明显的波动;随着降水等级的上升,雨日与降水量的相关系数迅速增大,小雨日与降水量的相关性最差,暴雨日与降水量的相关性最好;降水偏多年各个等级的降水日数明显偏多,小雨日、中雨日及大雨日变化较为显著,暴雨日变化不显著,降水偏少年各个等级雨日则明显减少,中雨日变化最为显著,其次为大雨日、暴雨日,小雨日变化不显著,因此,贵州地区总降水量增加主要是由于小雨日、中雨日、大雨日的增加引起的,降水量减少则主要是由于中雨日、大雨日及暴雨日的减少引起的,比较各个等级的降水日数,无论是在降水偏多年还是偏少年,中雨日和大雨日的变化都较显著。     

基于荧光法的海水氨氮测量方法研究

对邻苯二甲醛荧光法测量海水中氨氮进行了研究。实验研究了该体系测定氨氮的最佳条件,结果表明亚硫酸钠对该体系具有良好的增敏增稳作用,盐度(20～35)对测量结果无影响(引起误差在±1.5%以内)。氨氮测定的线性范围为2～300μg/L,精密度(相对标准偏差RSD)均小于3%。     

使用LAS系统测量显热通量

１前言干旱是影响我省西部发展的一个重要问题。一般在干旱地区,土壤的干湿主要取决于降水和蒸散。降水量大于蒸散量为湿润,反之为干燥。研究水份平衡时,要直接测量蒸散量是非常困难的,为了通过间接计算得到蒸散量,最常用的方法是能量平衡法,即Ｒｎ＝Ｈ Ａ ＬＥ（１）式中Ｒｎ是净辐射,Ｈ是显热通量,Ａ是土壤热通量,ＬＥ是蒸散消耗的能量。在一般情况下,一整天中Ａ的数值很小,Ｒｎ是常规测量值,只要测出Ｈ值,就可以计算出蒸散量。Ｈ值可以通过公式Ｈ＝ρＣｐωθ来计算。其中ρ是空气密度,Ｃｐ是定压比热,ω是垂直气流速度,θ是温度脉动值。…     

非常规火山成因矿床特点及研究意义

相对于火山成因矿床而言，一些矿床在成矿时空上（甚至地层建造）与火山活动没有直接的关系，然而他们往往集中形成在火山主活动期之前或之后的某一阶段，成矿方式以热液蚀变或热水沉积成矿作用为主，成矿作用与火山活动引发的构造热事件密切相关，由此，文章把这类矿床统称谓非常规火山成因矿床。如某些火山红层铜矿、硅-铁-铝土矿人建造、角砾岩型铁矿、脉状-层状铜铅锌多金属矿和卡林型金银矿等。在峨眉山玄武岩大规模喷发阶段（258~253.7 Ma）之前和之后两个阶段，存在巨型的热液体系和成矿作用，形成的热液矿床一般为目前研究程度很低的非常规火山成因矿床，因此，加深对非常规火山成因矿床的认识，对于开拓找金属矿、找油新思路，扩展 “既围绕火成岩活动又走出火成岩范围”的非常规资源新视野均具有重要意义。