近十五年全球臭氧变化

利用卫星观测臭氧总含量ＴＯＭＳ（第７版）资料,在剔除季节变化后对全球６０°Ｓ－６０°Ｎ范围首先进行了沿纬度分布的线性趋势和周期分析。结果表明：自本世纪７０年代末,各纬带上的臭氧总量都呈下降趋势,强度随纬度升高而加剧,并发现总体上北半球臭氧的下降趋势较南半球更加明显;同时证实了准两年振荡是臭氧变化中除年周期外最显著的周期。并对臭氧变化中的准两年振荡作了遥相关分析;发现准两年振荡在强度和位相上基本呈纬向分布并主要表现出赤道对称的特征。１３５～１７０°Ｅ地区臭氧总量变化所表现出的不同于其它地区的原因可能是这一地区常年频繁出现的对流活动;而臭氧总量下降趋势表现出的北半球同纬度地区均大于南半球的南北半球差异可能是由两半球人类活动的差异引起     

台湾气象科技的新进展

台湾气象科技的新进展周秀骥（中国气象科学研究院，北京１０００８１）１９９３年１１月３０日－１２月３日，笔者参加了在台北市召开的《东亚区域环境与气候变迁国际会议）（ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｌｏｎａｌＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎＲｅｇｉｏｎａｌＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ...     

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA

ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＬＩＭＡＴＥＣＨＡＮＧＥＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＺｈｏｕＸｉｕｊｉ（周秀骥），ＣｈｅｎＬｏｎｇｘｕｎ（陈隆勋），ＬｉＷｅｉｌｉａｎｇ（李维亮）ａｎｄＬｉＸｉａｏｗｅｎ（李晓文）ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＬＩＭＡＴＥＣＨＡＮＧ...     

ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH OVER CHINA IN 1980s

This paper retrieves the yearly and monthly mean 0.75μm aerosol optical depth(AOD)of 41A-class solar radiation stations over China from 1979 to 1990,and analyzes the spatial andtemporal distribution of AOD over China mainland.The data employed are daily direct solarradiation and sunshine duration,as well as the TOMS version-7 ozone observation data in the sametime.The results indicate that the Siehuan Basin is the largest center of yearly mean AOD overChina.and the other two larger centers lie in Wuhan City and the South Xinjiang Basin,separately.AOD values are also relatively larger in the middle-and-lower reaches area ofChangjiang River.Shandong Peninsula and coastal area of Guangdong Province:while in YunnanProvince,coastal area of Fujian Province.most parts of Northwest and Northeast China,AODvalues are relatively smaller.The distribution of AOD varies with different months.In most partsof China.the maximum of AOD occurs in spring season;but the minimum varies in differentregions,From 1979 to 1990.in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,West Siehuan Basin,North GuizhouProvince.most areas of the middle-and-lower reaches of Changjiang River,Shandong Peninsulaand west part of South Xinjiang Basin.AOD shows an increasing trend.But in Northeast China,most part of Northwest China,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,western Guangxi Region and the coastalareas of East China,AOD shows decreasing tendency.Generally,the seasonal variationcharacteristics of AOD in China can be classified into four typical models,i.e.,mono-modal typesA and B,bimodal and Poly-modal.     

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND REFRACTIVE INDEX AND SURFACE ALBEDO FROM RADIANCE——PART Ⅱ: APPLICATION

This paper presents and analyzes experimental results in simultaneous determination of atmospheric columnar aerosol size distribution, refractive index and surface albedo by use of the radiance data in almucantar measured by a radiometer. 32 groups of data measured in Beijing during winter show that the imaginary part of refractive index for 0.6943 μm wavelength ranges from 6.022 to 0.079 with a mean of 0.0527. The mean real part and surface albedo are 1.537 and 0.287, respectively. The imaginary part was found to be less in autumn than that in winter, especially after raining. For 0.399 μm and 0.6943 μm wavelengths, the mean surface albedos are 0.101 and 0.222, and the mean imaginary parts are 0.0241 and 0.0129, respectively.     

大气粒子散射相函数的参数化方案比较及其改进

大气粒子散射相函数的参数化是大气辐射传输参数化的重要组成部分。文中全面比较了大气粒子的HenyeyGreenstein(HG)方案和双Henyey-Greenstein(DHG)方案,并在四流球谐函数展开累加法中,应用这两种相函数参数化方案计算气溶胶、云、霾粒子的反射率、透射率或吸收率。该研究结果表明:HG方案无法表现相函数的后向峰值,因而其计算的大气粒子反射率和透射率精度较差;DHG方案能较好地表征相函数的整体特征,但是该方案计算的相函数易出现后向异常峰值或为负值,并导致计算得到的气溶胶、云、霾粒子的反射率和透射率精度甚至会低于HG方案。对DHG方案进行进一步研究,提出了改进的DHG方案(MDHG)。MDHG方案计算结果稳定,并能很好表征相函数的前向和后向峰值的特征,其计算的大气粒子的反射率和透射率精度也较高。因此,MDHG方案是一种理想的相函数参数化方案。     

GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS OF COLUMN ABUNDANCE OF OZONE AN

ＧＲＯＵＮＤ－ＢＡＳＥＤＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＣＯＬＵＭＮＡＢＵＮＤＡＮＣＥＯＦＯＺＯＮＥＡＮＤＵＶ－ＢＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＶＥＲＺＨＯＮＧＳＨＡＮＳＴＡＴＩＯＮ，ＡＮＴＡＲＣＴＩＣＡＦＯＲＴＨＥ１９９３“ＯＺＯＮＥＨＯＬＥ”ＺｈｏｕＸｉｕｊｉ...     

秦岭地区多点树轮序列记录的春末夏初气温变化与北半球海温关系的初步分析

本文采用主成分分析方法提取了秦岭中、东部5个样点树轮资料的区域主成分年表,其中第一主成分PC1年表的方差累积贡献率为58.37％,能够较好地代表秦岭中东部地区年轮变化的共同特征.对5个站点观测气温平均值和PC1反映的区域尺度气候信息进行分析,结果显示两者均与秦岭-黄淮地区5～7月温度场存在大范围-致相关区,相关系数r高...     

青藏高原隆起及海陆分布变化对亚洲大陆气候的影响

我们利用经过改进的NCARCCMI动力气候模式并综合出一个40～50MaB．P．的下垫面情景,进行了海陆分布和SST分布由古代到现代、青藏高原由隆起初期、隆起到现代高原一半和现代高度共5个情景的数值试验。结果表明,从古代到现代,模拟的中国气候是变冷的并且东部变湿而西北部变干。青藏高原的隆起是模拟出来的中国变冷的主要原因。青藏高原从隆起初期到隆起到现代高度一半时期中国地区降水是增加的,但当继续隆起后降水却有所减少,尤其是中国西北地区。本文还对海陆分布和SST分布变化以及青藏高原隆起对手风环流的影响作了分析。     

消光—小角散射法遥感气溶胶谱分布的实验研究

本文主要论述了采用一台多波长光度计进行消光—小角前向散射的综合探测,并从实验数据反演了北京大气柱气溶胶谱分布,结合天气条件,初步讨论了谱分布的特点。