新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究(英文)

Karamay City is a typical mining city, relying on oilfield exploration and development. After 60 years of construction and development, Karamay has become the first large oilfield and an important base of the national petroleum and petrochemical industry in China. Based on spatial analysis, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) grid computing and overlay techniques, whilst considering the effect of oilfield development and aimed at the ecological problems of Karamay City in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, we conducted research on the spatial characteristics of the comprehensive ecological sensitivity of Karamay. The ecological problems of natural environment evolution include soil erosion, land deserti-fication, soil salinization, and biodiversity reduction. The most significant disturbance factor from the activities of humans in this area is oilfield exploitation. This study carries out an analysis of single factor ecological problem sensitivity and integrated ecological sensitivity. The results of the research are as follows: (1) Soil erosion is relatively sensitive, especially in Karamay district, Dushanzi district, north of Urho district and west of Baijiantan district, which is mainly a result of the vertical dropping slopes, serious rainfall erosion and the distribution of scattered woodland. (2) The main types of land desertification are represented by high and moderate grade sensitivities, and high and extremely high sensitive areas are distributed in the intersection of Karamay and Baijiantan districts. This is due to evaporation exceeding rainfall in these areas, and the soil mainly consists of sand and is seldom covered by vegetation. (3) The soil salinizatiion sensitivity grades are mainly moderate, high and extremely high. The highly sensitive areas are mainly distributed in southeast of Baijiantan district, north and east of Karamay district and east of Urho district. The primary causes are evaporation exceeding rainfall and extreme human activities. (4) The main types of biodiversity sensitivity are light and moderate grade. Highly sensitive areas are located in the east and south of Karamay district, north of the Baiyang River basin and parts of the wetland areas. (5) Oil fields development areas are highly ecologically sensitive, which are located in the northern oilfields of Urho district, western oilfields of Baijiantan district, northwestern oilfields of Karamay district and central oilfields of Dushanzi district. (6) The main types of integrated ecological sen-sitivity are high and moderate. The high and extremely highly sensitive areas are located in the central and northern parts of Karamay district, and southwest of Baijiantan district. The evaluation results will provide guidance for the future planning and development, the protection of the ecological environment and the realization of harmonious social, economic, and ecological development in Karamay City.     

重建植被视角下露天煤矿区土地复垦演替过程及管控模式研究

重建植被在能量交换与生态循环中发挥着重要作用,其动态变化可表征煤矿区生态系统受扰动和修复的广泛细节。从植被的不同扰动状态(未扰动状态、采煤扰动状态、复垦恢复状态和修复后状态)出发,分析了煤矿区重建植被演替的6种情景：高效恢复至成熟型、低效恢复至成熟型、高效恢复而后退化型、高效恢复发展型、低效恢复发展型与无效恢复型。通过模拟重建植被发展的阶段性特征,将煤矿区土地复垦全生命周期划分为：未复垦期、土地复垦发展期(复垦初期、快速发展期和稳定发展期)和成熟期。再对不同恢复阶段的重建植被分别设置判断标准,提出煤矿区土地复垦关键保护区域的识别思路,据此确立煤矿区土地复垦管控的4种修正模式：生态保育、生态管护、生态修复、生态重建。并以黄土高原山西平朔大型露天煤矿区为研究区开展应用分析,在学习掌握重建植被发展规律基础上,通过判断土地复垦模式与矿区生态系统演变机理的适应性水平,具体落实平朔露天煤矿复垦排土场集群区生态保育、生态管护、生态修复和生态重建等4大修正模式的具体管控措施。本研究归纳了露天煤矿区重建植被动态发展的演替规律,并据此提出加强土地复垦管控的修正模式,可为国家绿色矿山建设提供方法论基础。     

淄博四宝山地区灰岩地层及其地质时代讨论

山东淄博四宝山地区灰岩地层出露广泛,本文依托"淄博地质图",经过野外地质勘查、实测地质剖面、化石样品采集与鉴定、室内综合分析等方法对山东淄博四宝山马家沟组的地质状况有了较为详细的认知。研究认为:在四宝山马家沟组地层中发现了大量化石,主要是头足类,还包括腕足类和三叶虫,根据鉴定头足类化石有谭氏阿门角石(Armenocers tani Grabau)、中央阿门角石(Armenoceras central Kobayashi and Matumoto)和三石氏弓珠角石(Cyrtactinoceras mitsuishii Kobayashi)等,三叶虫化石发现有波氏小帝王虫(Basilicus boehmi Lorenz)等,从而根据化石类型可以将四宝山地区进行详细的年代鉴定,经化石组合分析该区域地层具有中奥陶世的特征。该研究为了解中奥陶世生物多样性,完善研究区年代地层格架提高基础地质研究水平,做出应有的贡献。     

四川成都龙泉山区地质灾害发育特征与防治对策

地质灾害具有点多、面广、规模大、成灾快、爆发频率高、延续时间长等特点。通过对龙泉山区地质灾害发生的时间、空间分布特征的分析。本文提出了区内产生地质灾害的主要影响因素和诱发因素,并结合野外考察,提出了具体的防治对策,为如何有效避免或减少因灾造成的损失提供参考依据。     

采用挤压边墙技术的高面板坝裂缝成因分析

为加快施工进度,国内很多高面板堆石坝都采用了挤压边墙技术,用上游坡面的挤压边墙代替传统的垫层。挤压边墙的施工特点决定了其与上覆面板之间的结构关系将与传统的面板-垫层有很大差别。虽然目前面板坝的施工技术和施工水平较以前有较大的提高,但少数工程仍然出现了比较严重的面板裂缝,而采用挤压边墙技术的面板坝施工期出现的裂缝分布规律与采用面板-垫层施工方法有明显的不同。面板裂缝的产生与面板施工期的应力变形状态密切相关,目前面板堆石坝计算中采用的整体模型方法对面板的概化较多,得到的面板应力精度较差。根据挤压边墙实际的施工特点,提出采用子模型法分析面板的应力变形,对某面板坝工程裂缝成因的分析结果表明,温降和上游坡面局部高程不平整引起的面板与挤压边墙之间的局部约束过大是导致面板裂缝的主要原因。     

平方根滤波的优越性分析

文章用计算机语言（MATLAB）完成了常规Kalman（卡尔曼）滤波和平方根滤波的实现过程,并且用实测数据比较和分析了常规Kalman滤波和平方根滤波在处理病态矩阵时的表现,试验验证了平方根滤波对病态矩阵的处理具有明显的优越性。     

轻钢龙骨房屋足尺模型低周反复试验

对一个具有完整边界条件的轻钢龙骨体系房屋足尺模型进行了低周反复试验。试验主要考虑转角墙对轻钢龙骨体系房屋抗震性能的影响,以及龙骨壁厚对复合承载墙体破坏模式的影响,研究房屋在低周反复荷载作用下的变形过程、破坏特征和滞回性能等。试验结果表明:轻钢龙骨房屋的抗震性能与自攻螺钉连接性能密切相关。自攻螺钉的连接性能决定了轻钢龙骨房屋的耗能机制、耗能能力以及破坏形态。由于螺钉在该结构中分布广泛,使得结构的侧向变形能力和耗能能力较好,同时,试验验证了轻钢龙骨复合墙体抗剪承载力计算时关于自攻螺钉连接受力方向的假设和受力大小分析结果的正确性。     

标准物质研制信息管理系统与合作平台

标准物质研制信息管理系统实现了对标准物质研制全过程如均匀性检验、稳定性试验、正态性检验、数据处理、标准物质定值、检测方法统计等原始数据及文档进行全方位综合管理.设计开发了项目管理、标准物质管理、用户管理、定值实验室管理、日志管理、稳定性试验、均匀性检验数据采集与统计处理、定值数据的采集与导入、定值数据离群值检验与处理、...     

条斑紫菜叶状体不同区域光合活性的研究

以幼嫩条斑紫菜（eorphyra yezoensisUeda）为材料,研究了叶状体基部到梢部组织的固碳率和光合活性的变化。结果表明：（1）基部到梢部不同区域组织的固碳率不同,基部区域组织固碳率明显低于其他区域,靠近梢部区域的固碳率最高;（2）基部到梢部不同区域的光合活性和叶绿素水平也不一样,基部和梢部组织的光合活性偏低...     

基于徕卡DISTO自动断面仪的软硬件设计

论述了基于徕卡Disto和步进电机的自动断面仪系统硬件设备的装配以及自动控制软件系统的开发，为隧道断面测量和检查验收提供一套完整的解决方案。