塔里木盆地古地温与深部找油（气）前景

在石油勘探的初期，研究生油层成熟度及有机质热变成油过程具有重要意义。对于较古老的沉积盆地，恢复古地温是生油评价电的关键之一。近年来，我们研究了新疆一些地区的古地温，提出了古地温地质模式。古地温地质模式可以追索生油过程，查明生油期     

第四届全国有机地球化学学术讨论会在武汉举行

三年一度的全国有机地球化学学术讨论会于1989年11月9—15日在武汉举行;这一届会议仍然由我会与中国地质学会、中国石油学会联合举办;由中国石油学会负责组织,中国地质大学主办。     

碳酸盐矿物结合有机质--一种重要的成烃物质

碳酸盐矿物结合有机质在碳酸盐岩地层中普遍存在,其含量与沥青Ａ相当或高于沥青Ａ。矿物结合有机质可作为碳酸盐岩生油岩的一种重要生烃物质。它的特殊赋存形式能将有机质保存到较高的演化阶段释放出来,当模拟实验温度为４５０￣５００℃时,矿物结合有机质大量释放,可释放出７０％左右。在高压条件下,释放率相对较高,说明在深埋条件下,更有利于矿物结合有机质的释放。由于矿物结合有机质的贡献,碳酸盐岩生油岩的生油范围会扩     

塔里木盆地塔中地区下古生界二次生烃的类型及其特征

塔中地区下古生界碳酸盐岩烃源岩中的干酪根、吸附有机质、包裹体有机质和晶包有机质,可以成为二次生烃的物质来源。该地区存在两类二次生烃——构造运动二次生烃和碳酸盐岩深埋二次生烃,二者所形成的包裹体在类型、数量、大小、气液比、荧光颜色及强度等方面均有明显不同。通过对塔中地区多口探井和人工井的埋藏史和生烃史研究,表明塔中北斜坡下古生界碳酸盐岩可以二次生烃,面积约9000km^2,生烃时代主要为中新生代。此外,还利用逐级升温爆破—气相色谱方法,测定了高过成熟碳酸盐岩烃源岩中吸附有机质、包裹体有机质以及晶包有机质的数量和释放过程,以评价高过成熟碳酸盐岩烃源岩的生烃能力。研究塔中地区的二次生烃,对深部油气勘探有着重要的现实意义。     

介绍两种P2O5的野外快速半定量方法

磷矿矿石沒有标誌性的物理性質,因此在一般情形下很难凭它的外貌来确定它是否磷矿石。我国的磷矿石既有呈致密块状的也有呈礫石狀的,顏色也是各种各样的。所以寻找磷矿必須借助于化学試剂。目前所用的最广泛的也是最简便的方法,是用鉬酸銨的飽和水溶液与濃硝酸混合溶液作試剂,滴在岩石上,如果岩石含磷达万分之几就岀現黄色沉淀。     

碳酸岩生油岩中沥青变质程度和沥青热变质实验

Natural asphalts from carbonate rocks in South China have been studied by using microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ESR and C^-, H^- analysis and subjeeted to thermal alteration experiments under 250℃/1000 atm--500℃/1000atm. It is shown that asphalt and vitriolic behave differently under conditions of thermal alteration. In compariseu with vitriuite, asphalt is of higher reflectivity, more apparemt anisotropy,lower values of d002 and H/C ratio above 350℃. The mierostructure and charaeter of protoasphalt disseminated in carbonate rocks and diagenetic asphalt reflect the thermal history and the maximum paleotemperature to which they haxt been subjected. Reflectivity, H/C ratio, d002 etc. of the asphalts in carbonate rocks may be used as indicators for the extent of maturity of earbenate source rocks. Based on measurements carried on asphalts of pertinent occurrences. R^0=1.65.H/C=0.75, d002=3.53 A are suggested as creteria for the distinction between Oil and natural gas field in carbonate terrains in China.     

碳酸盐岩生油岩的有机地球化学、岩石学特征

Features of oil-generating carbonate rocks are studied in terms of petrology and organic geochemistry of fluorescent materials in rocks. It is postulated by the authors that the organic carbon content in oil-generatlng carbonate rocks is necessarily lower than that in shales, and the possible cause of this observation is discussed. The quality of oil-ganerating carbonate rocks may be judged by aromatic structure index,amino acid, pigment index, and DTA data on organic matter. However, the application of presently available organic geochemical criteria to non-oil-generating reservoir rocks may always give misleading results. To circumvent this difficulty, it is necessary first to make distinction between primary and secondary organic matter by cxamining the fluorescent materials under a fluorescence microscope. Measurementof radical content of the organic substances and DTA are useful techniques to determine the degree of maturation. The maturation of organic substances proceeds at a lower rate in carbonate rocks than in shales. It is likely, therefore, that some older carbonate strata can also be promising areas for petroleum exploration. Oil-generating carbonate rocks consist mainly of mierite limestones rich in organic matter and are thought to be formed under low-encrgy environment. Consequently, petrological(especially mierolithofacies) studies are very important in evaluating carbonate source rocks.     

碳酸盐矿物的包裹有机质及其生油意义

Fluorescent slice observations have revealed a considerable amount of organic matter enclosed in carbonate minerals, most of it giving off yellow-brown fluorescence and being zonally distributed in calcite and dolomite. The amount of enclosed organic matter released from the enclosure when treated with HCl is two times higher than that of extractable organic mattes in the same rock sample. In comparison to the extractable organic matter, the enclosed organic matter is possessed of some compositional characters of its own. In terms of the distribution of biological markess, it is suggested that the enclosed organic matter may be low in maturity relative to the extractable organic matter in the same source rock.Results of the simulating experiments under high temperatures and pressures show that this kind of organic matter enclosed in carbonate minerals can be converted into oil-generating substances. Therefore, detailed studies of the enclosed organic matter are of much help to the evaluation of oil-generating potentiality of carbonate source rocks.