夏季西太平洋暖池热含量对华西秋雨的影响及可能的物理机制

利用1971—2012年气象台站逐日资料,综合考虑降水量、降水日数及日照时数计算华西秋雨强度,结合不同深度海温资料,研究了华西秋雨强度与夏季西太平洋暖池热含量年际变化的联系,并讨论了其可能的物理机制。结果表明,前期夏季西太平洋暖池关键区(5°S—5°N,130°—160°E)热含量变化与华西秋雨强度有显著正相关关系,当前期关键区热含量偏高(低)时,华西秋雨强度较强(弱)。分析发现,当前期关键区热含量偏高时,其相对大气是一个异常热源,由于大气对其的响应,在热含量关键区西北侧中国南海—中南半岛附近生成了异常气旋式环流,其偏东偏南气流有利于向华西地区输送中低纬度洋面上大量暖湿水汽,并与北方的干冷空气在此交汇,同时,高层西风急流异常西伸,华西地区恰好位于急流入口区右侧的辐散区,这种高、低层有利的耦合形势使得秋雨偏强,反之亦然。      

灰色预测模型初始条件求解的优化解法

针对GM(1,1)模型初始条件的选择最优化问题,提出一种新的最优初始条件求解算法,即把对最优初始条件选择问题转化为求最优的C值,通过两个算例分析表明,文中的算法与文献[4]的FGM(1,1)模型相比,在达到同等精度的条件下,运行效率更高,算法更简单直观,更有利于程序实现,验证了文中提出的算法的有效性和可行性。     

级数解边界积分法及其在地震波散射问题中的应用

级数解边界积分法是利用相应的齐次微分方程的解完备系作权函数来建立边界积分方程。本文采用级数解边界积分法并选取傅氏级数作试函数求解SH波散射问题,并将计算结果同解析解或其它数值方法的解做了比较。结果表明,本文方法计算简单、精度较高而且节省机时。文中还提出了用傅氏级数拟合复杂边界的方法。     

Diel variation in metabolism and ammonia excretion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Marphysa sanguinea</Emphasis> (Polychaeta: Eunicidae)

Polychaetes provide an excellent food resource for fish and represent the dominant zoobenthos in marine ecosystems. Diel variation in the rates of metabolism and ammonia-N excretion of Marphysa sanguinea were studied. The worms were grouped according to their wet body weight into small (S; 1.24±0.06 g), medium (M; 4.00±0.30 g), and large (L; 8.54±1.08 g) categories. Their weight-specific metabolic rates, based on aerobic respiration (R), were measured at 16°C (±0.2°C) and classed as either routine (R _R) or standard (R _S) rates. Both respiration types decreased with increasing body weight. Respiration was described by R = a W ^b, where b was -0.400 9 and -0.532 0 for R _R and R _S, respectively. Diurnal changes in R _S for each group was relatively flat, with a slightly increasing trend with time, but was relatively stable as a whole. R _R of the diurnal variation of worms was higher than R S, but both had similar overall trends. The peak values of specific dynamic action (SDA) (R _SDA) in the S, M, and L groups were 2.704, 1.149, and 0.682 mg/(g?h), respectively. The durations of SDA were 13, 6, and 6 h, respectively and the energy expenditures of SDA were 377.98, 117.34, and 74.94 J/g, respectively. These data indicate that the metabolic rates were higher in smaller individuals, which is advantageous for their rapid growth.     

黑龙江省非典型环境条件强迫下短时强对流天气特征研究

本文利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料、FY-2卫星云图、新一代天气雷达及NECP的1°×1°再分析资料对黑龙江省的2006-2014年冰雹和2008-2014年的强降水在非典型环境条件下表现出的局地要素特征以及卫星和雷达特征进行分析。分析结果显示：较大的对流有效位能、低层强暖空气为对流发生提供了热力不稳定;700hPa湿区配合冰雹500hPa干区和强降水低层弱水汽辐合使得对流具备了有利的水汽垂直分布条件;最终在地面局地辐合的触发下产生了对流;冰雹有较高的0℃层高度和较低的气压;冰雹和强降水有利的海拔高度分别在200-500m和100-200m。卫星云图和雷达上的表现往往比较孤立,移动较快,产生的时间和位置与两个小云块或小云块与大云团合并的时间及位置一致,低层水汽辐合明显时可能会伴有大的云团。雷达回波上冰雹云但很难探测到钩状回波等特征回波,强降水多为原地生消火或列车效应产生。     

我国东北甲区钼矿化有关热液蝕变黑云母的物理-化学性貭及其成因

黑云母是我国东北甲区合有銅矿化的奥长花崗斑岩中分布广的矿物之一。原生的黑云母經受到含矿热液作用后变化多,蝕变強,与銅矿化的关系也較紧密,因之对各种蝕变黑云母的物理性貭,化学組分,成因以及其相互关系的研究,不只是有助于闡述成矿作用和矿床成因,并且有利于对銅矿的探寻。以前在进行普查勘探工作时,曾提到过合銅矿化奥长花崗斑岩中富含有黑云母与钼矿化有关。但沒有进一步对黑云母进行研究。     

太行山区泥石流研究：以元坊东沟为例

以元坊东沟为例，分析该区域泥石流灾害及其成因，提出减灾对策。