应用概率图解确定地球化学数据异常下限的方法

前言概率格纸可用来简明直观地表示各种类型的地球化学数据,是推断地球化学分析结果的一种辅助手段.已发表过不少文章,但对异常下限的确定都未作详细论述.在化探工作中,异常下限是指能够将不同原因、基本性质不同的高低数值区分开的一个特定的值,将较高的异常从较低的背景值辨认出     

Offshore oil platforms and fouling communities in the southern Arabian Gulf (Abu Dhabi)

This study examined the fouling organisms on the legs of offshore oil platforms at two sites in the southern Arabian Gulf (offshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates). 100% of the metal structures was colonized by encrusting organisms. Both the number of individuals and the total biomass tended to decrease with depth. The total weight of dead shells always exceeded that of living organisms. Sessile filter feeders dominated the biomass, whereas small mobile forms had the largest number of individuals. The biomass at the deeper platform (22 m) was dominated by bivalves, barnacles and bryozoans, while polychaetes and amphipods had the greatest number of individuals. Biomass values here ranged from 1 g/0.1 m2 at 20 m to 147 g/0.1 m2 at 5 m; the corresponding individual numbers were 266 (20 m) and 11,814 indiv./0.1 m2 (5 m). The results at the shallower platform (11 m) differed in several respects: barnacles clearly dominated over bivalves, and sponges exceeded byrozoans, while total individual numbers fell due to a decline in polychaete dominance. Biomass values here ranged from 84 g/0.1 m2 at 10 m to 153 g/0.1 m2 at 0 m; the corresponding individual numbers were 695 (10 m) and 3,125 indiv./0.1 m2 (0 m). The potential role of such fouling communities on artificial structures in the Gulf is discussed.     

Extended Far-Infrared CO Emission in the OMC-1 Core of Orion

We report the discovery of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) at roughly 187 and 150 Hz in the X-ray intensity of X-ray nova XTE J1859+226. The source was observed during a recent outburst with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Besides these high-frequency QPOs, we have also detected QPOs (and sometimes their harmonics) at 6-7 Hz and significant broadband variability at low frequencies. These properties, as well as the observed hard X-ray spectrum, make XTE J1859+226 a black hole candidate (BHC). The detection of QPOs at two distinct frequencies greater, similar100 Hz in two observations separated by about 4 hr provide additional insights into the high-frequency QPO phenomenon in BHCs. The importance lies in the proposed interpretations, which invariably involve the effects of strong gravity near a black hole. We compare our results to those of other BHCs and discuss the impact of the observational data on the models in a global context.     

宽频带地震台站CAD（东比利牛斯卡迪山隧道）的场地特征及背景噪声

通过对地夺噪声及其与区域气象条件的相关分析给出了宽频带地震台站ＣＡＤ的主要特征。传感器场地（在地表下８０ｍ处的封闭洞穴内）的质量,为宽频带地震台站监测较小地震事件提供了理想的条件。通过对１５个月内长度各为１５ｍｉｎ的噪声序列的分析,对较小地震事件的监测能力的研究已经完成。通过给定每天的噪声估计值,分析了噪声振幅随季节的变化;利用每天４个采样值,对地震噪声的短周期变化进行了研究,并与外部气象条件进行     

10Be产率-地磁场转换方程的建立及其在黄土研究中的应用

建立了¹⁰Be产率-古地磁场强度的便捷转换方程, 并以洛川剖面最近80 ka的¹⁰Be浓度记录结合磁化率等气候代用指标为研究对象, 利用全新的LGM分离方法将影响黄土¹⁰Be浓度的气候因素和地磁场因素进行了分离, 成功示踪了末次冰期阶段拉尚(Laschamp (42 ka))、莫诺湖(Mono Lake (32 ka))等古地磁漂移事件, 进而定量重建了最近80 ka 地磁场强度变化历史. 重建结果与全球典型地磁场强度曲线(SINT-200, NAPIS75等)具有几乎同步的变化特征, 从而表明采用LGM方法和新的转换方程在利用黄土¹⁰Be记录示踪和重建古地磁场强度研究中的实用意义及应用前景. 通过分析表明, 季风区降水的不均匀性是导致黄土¹⁰Be浓度无法直接示踪古地磁场漂移事件的主要原因, 而来自粉尘源区的尘降¹⁰Be浓度和尘降磁化率具有“准恒定分布”特征.     

Fine-particle Mn and other metals linked to the introduction of MMT into gasoline in Sydney, Australia： Results of a natural experiment

PM2.5 particulates were analyzed using accelerator-based ion beam methods for a suite of 21 species （H, C, Na, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Pb） to evaluate the contribution to Sydney air associated with the introduction of MMT as a replacement for Pb. MMT was discontinued in 2004. Teflon filters continuously sampled for 7 years from 1998 to 2004 were analyzed from two sites： a suburb （Mascot） close to the Central Business District [CBD （n=718）] and a high trafficked area, and a relatively rural （background） setting, ～20 km west of the CBD （n=730）. Mean Mn concentrations in air at the background site increased from 1.5- 1.6 ng/m^3 to 〈2 ng/m^3 at the time of the greatest MMT use whereas those at Mascot increased from about 2 to 5 ng/m^3. From the maximum values, the Mn showed a steady decrease at both sites concomitant with the decreasing use of MMT. Lead concentrations in air at both sites decreased from 1998 onwards, concomitant with the phase out of leaded gasoline in 2002. A high correlation was obtained for the relationship between Mn in air and lead replacement gasoline （LRG） use （R2 0.83） and an improved correlation for Mn/Al＋Si＋K and LRG use （R2 0.93）. With Mn concentrations normalized to background values of Al＋Si＋K to account for the lithogenically-derived Mn, the proportion of anthropogenic Mn was -70%. Changes for Mn and Pb in the particulates are attributed to the before-during-after use of MMT and decreasing use of Pb in gasoline.     

Is delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in bivalves from south-west Iberian Peninsula a good biomarker of lead exposure?

The coast of Huelva is considered as a heavily contaminated area where the Tinto and Odiel rivers discharge after running through a metalliferous mining area in the Iberian Pyrite Belt and end in common estuary called Ría of Huelva. Lead is a highly toxic and widely distributed element in the aquatic environment; therefore there is a great interest in assessing the impact of this contaminant on aquatic organisms. To study the bioavailability and sources of lead, the bivalve species Chamelea gallina was collected from six sampling sites along the coast of Huelva. Besides the effect of this metal on the enzyme activity, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) was determined in the whole tissue. Results show the inverse relationship between the lead concentration and the activity of ALA-D measured in whole tissues (r2=0.7). Individuals collected from the Ría of Huelva estuary had the highest levels of total lead concentrations and the lowest activity of ALA-D. Lead isotope analyses demonstrated the different sources of lead contamination and also confirmed the influence of Ría of Huelva on the metal input to the marine environment.