温带湿润气候条件下温室的能量平衡

一个模拟多种不同气候条件下的温室微气候状况的计算机动态模式业已建立并得到了验证。该模式是一维的,由四个层次组成,对各层的热量和质量通量进行了模拟。模式只需要输入初始边界条件。叶片的水分扩散由影响气孔阻力的环境参数来确定。除以往模式中的考虑外,还考虑了作物热贮量和作物特征的时间演变。分析了模式对各种参数的敏感性。用当地的一个商业温室获得观测实际资料,并将其与模拟值进行对照,两组资料十分一致。还用这个计算机动态模式计算了用于种植草莓的温室所需能量的大小。     

欧亚大陆积雪和印度季风降水的显著关系

把从卫星上获得的欧亚大陆冬季积雪的资料与印度夏季季风降水逐年变化的短期纪录作一个比较,发现:这两个量成反比关系,即冬季欧亚大陆大(小)范围的积雪使来年印度降水减少(增多)。     

Pathways of marine debris derived from trajectories of Lagrangian drifters

Global set of trajectories of satellite-tracked Lagrangian drifters is used to study the dynamics of marine debris. A probabilistic model is developed to eliminate the bias in spatial distribution of drifter data due to heterogeneous deployments. Model experiments, simulating long-term evolution of initially homogeneous drifter array, reveal five main sites of drifter aggregation, located in the subtropics and maintained by converging Ekman currents. The paper characterizes the geography and structure of the collection regions and discusses factors that determine their dynamics. A new scale R(c)=(4k/|D|)(?) is introduced to characterize tracer distribution under competing effects of horizontal divergence D and diffusion k. Existence and locations of all five accumulation zones have been recently confirmed by direct measurements of microplastic at the sea surface.     

Impact of Aircraft NOx Emission on NOx and Ozone over China

A three-dimensional global chemistry transport model (OSLO CTM2) is used to investigate the impact of subsonic aircraft NOx emission on NOz and ozone over China in terms of a year 2000 scenario of subsonic aircraft NOx emission. The results show that subsonic aircraft NOx emission significantly affects northern China, which makes NOx at 250 hPa increase by about 50 pptv with the highest percentage of 60% in January, and leading to an ozone increase of 8 ppbv with 5% relative change in April. The NOx increase is mainly attributed to the transport process, but ozone increase is produced by the chemical process. The NOx increases by less than 10 pptv by virtue of subsonic aircraft NOx emission over China,and ozone changes less than 0.4 ppbv. When subsonic aircraft NOx emission over China is doubled, its influence is still relatively small.     

The stable aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist potency of United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) offshore produced water effluents

The in vitro aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist potency of offshore produced water effluents, collected from the United Kingdom Continental Shelf, was determined using the dioxin responsive (DR)-chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay. Octadecylsilane (C18) solid phase extraction (SPE) extracts of produced water were exposed to DR-CALUX cells for 24 h in order to investigate the contribution in potency from compounds that are stable to metabolism by the CALUX cells during exposure. The stable AhR agonist potency determined over 24 h was highly variable and ranged from 1 to 430 ng TCDD TEQ_CALUX l⁻¹. These data reflect the highly variable composition of produced water discharges from different production fields. It is recommended that further work be performed to characterise the full range of stable dioxin like AhR agonists present in offshore produced water discharges using techniques such as bioassay-directed analysis.     

耦合形变—扩散对蠕动传播事件引起的水位变化的影响

本文利用线性弹性饱水多孔介质中平面应变剪切位错以速度V平隐运动时产生孔隙压力的耦合形变-扩散解,研究了与间歇性蠕动有关的井水位变化。对于大的Vr/2c(其中r是距位错的距离、c是扩散率),其解接近于Wesson(1981)分析由蠕动事件引起的水位变化所使用的去耦弹性解的形式。这两个解之间的差在距断层平面10个扩散长度内(20c/V)是显著的。更准确地说,耦合解预示着位错后面的孔隙压力改变符号,并在数量上比去耦解预期的要小的多。对于泊松比是0.3、Skempton系数为0.8以及剪切模量为30GPa的非泄漏介质,在V=1公里/天、C=1.0米~2/秒时,耦合解预示每滑动一毫米,最大孔隙压力变化13.7kPa(173毫巴)。耦合解的频谱被限制在一个中心值与V成正比和与从观测点到断层的距离大约成反比的频带上。因此,接近断层平面,耦合解占用的频带可能超过了水井反应的范围。耦合解能用来解释Johnson(1973)观测到的和由Wesson(1981)用去耦解模拟的同一与蠕动有关的水位变化。尽管在岩石材料特性和蠕动事件速度方面存在着不确定性,但耦合解预报的水位变化在幅度上可与实际观测到的变化相比。     

The 16th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate and 6th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere Meeting

1. Overview In June 2021, the 16th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate (WAMC) and the 6th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) Meeting (http://polarmet.osu.edu/WAMC;021/) were held online and hosted by the Polar Meteorology Group at Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus,Ohio (Fig. 1).     

风寒指数研究

本文描述了在伴有低温的强风风寒效应量化处理上应用最广泛的计算公式,风寒效应以风寒指数(因子)和风寒相当(视在)温度表示。本文还就公式的应用和英国London/Heathrow的风寒气候学进行了讨论。     

植被内部及其上方湍流场的数值模拟

植被内部及其上方的湍流流场对于了解植被与大气之间的动量、热量和质量交换过程极其重要。本文把高阶湍流封闭模型的Reynolds应力方程模型(RSM)应用于植被湍流的计算,得到了风速、湍流动能、Reynolds应力及能量耗散率的垂直分布,与现场观测数据比较,甚为满意。     

Comparison of manual and automatic methods for measurement of methane emission from rice paddy fields

The methane emission flux from rice paddies was simultaneously measured with automatic and manual methods in the suburban of Suzhou. Both methods were based on the static chamber/ GC-FID techniques. Detail analysis of the experimental results indicates: a) The data of methane emission measured with the automatic method is reliable. b) About 11 or 19 o’clock of local time is recommended as the optimum sampling time for the manual spot measurement of methane emission from rice paddies. The methane emission fluxes measured by manual sampling at local time other than the optimum time have to be corrected. The correction coefficient may be determined by automatic and continuous measurement. c) In order to get a more accurate result, an empirical correction factor, such as 18%, is recommended to correct the seasonally total amount of measured methane emission by enlarging the au-tomatically measured data or reducing the manually measured ones.