钻探(钻孔)工程与环境保护

叙述了钻探（ 钻孔） 技术在地下污染层勘查、核废物储埋库选址、地下污染层解污、地下污染物封隔、污水曝气处理和垃圾场甲烷气利用等方面的应用,列举了环境工程实例     

Toxicity identification in metal plating effluent: implications in establishing effluent discharge limits using bioassays in Korea

Because of complexity and diversity of toxicants in effluent, chemical analysis alone gives very limited information on identifying toxic chemicals to test organisms. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) techniques have been widely used to identify toxicants in various samples including industrial wastewater as well as natural waters. In response to new regulation for effluent discharge in Korea, which will be effective from 2011, a necessity of studies emerges that investigates toxicity levels in industrial effluents. This work was a preliminary study examining toxicity levels in effluent from one metal plating factory using Daphnia magna (48 h immobility) and identifying toxicity-causing substances. Toxicity tests showed variability on different sampling occasions and the results of TIE methods indicated that both organic compounds and metals contributed to the observed toxicity in metal plating effluent. Further studies are necessary to help reduce effluent toxicity especially from direct dischargers, who will have to comply with the new regulation.     

赤道太平洋东北部充氧深海沉积环境中成岩铁锰结核的生长

深海矿物沉积物,如铁锰结核和结壳,热液沉积物等,由于具有较高的经济潜力（尤其是出现于Ｃ—Ｃ区的铁锰结核）人们对其进行了最广泛的研究。Ｃ—Ｃ区中的成岩铁锰结核与水成结核相比富集１０Ａ°－水锰矿、Ｃｕ和Ｎｉ。然而,Ｃ—Ｃ区沉积物的孔隙水中富含溶解氧（有数十个μＭ）,其氧化还原条件不适合于过渡金属的再活化作用。ＫｌｉｎＲｈａｍｍｅｒ等（１９８２）断定中赤道太平洋的成岩铁锰结核中的Ｍｎ不是通过孔隙水向上扩散来供给的。Ｇｒａｙｂｅａｌ和Ｈｅａｔｈ（１９８４）根据沉积物的淋滤顺序,也报道了在目前的充氧深海…     

Naturalization of Landscaping Woody Plant,Magnolia obovata Potentially Invasive Species

Magnolia obovata, a tree species native to Japan, is a traditional landscaping tree that has also been introduced to various countries. M. obovata individuals have recently emerged in non-planting areas in Korea, prompting us to investigate its distribution by establishing Dosolsan in an urban forest of Daejeon City as the target site. In order to determine its naturalization, the study explored the status of population growth by examining the diameter at breast height of the individuals, and diameter diminution quotient was calculated. Cores of the trees were collected, and the age distribution was estimated by regression analysis. Reproduction possibility was analyzed by verifying the flowerblooming and fruit-bearing. Spontaneous colonization was investigated in the other potential sites which have different location and environment, respectively.The diameter distribution showed a reverse J-shaped curve, and the diminution quotient was ≥ 1.8. The population was composed of different generations,thus confirming the growth of the population. The distributed M. obovata grew and flowered normally,and followed a normal life cycle. The same phenomenon was observed in other planting areas,residual forests in urban or rural areas, alluvial islands, and mountain forests. The continuous spread of M. obovata in new ecosystems may be attributable to its long-term distribution by birds, relatively fast growth, and maturity time. Investigations on the naturalization and spread of M. obovata in Korea, as well as in various countries, are warranted.     

Evaluation of Estrogenic Activity and Measurement of EDCs in Wastewater ~ll＇eatlnent Plants

Correlations between estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio in wastewater treatment processes were investigated to propose a simple, reliable and comprehensive indicator for the presence of estrogenic substances. Contrary to this, when short-term bioassays such as the E-SCREEN, receptor binding and reporter gene expression assays are used for detecting estrogenic activity in the wastewater sample, they require a long time, at least a few days. The major factors contributing to the estrogenic activity were found to be 17β-estradiol （E2） and estrone （El）. A good relationship between the DOC/ UV260 ratio and the concentration of estrogens （El and E2） in the effluent of the activated sludge process was found： the E2 concentration increased as the DOC/UV260 ratio increased while the E1 concentration decreased. The relative estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio showed a good correlation （R^2 = 0.84） for all sewage samples except the ozonized samples in the sewage treatment plants. This study shows that the estrogenic compounds are hard to be mineralized by the conventional biological processes. Advanced oxidation processes are required to further remove estrogenic substances in the secondary effluent. By analysis of DOC and UV260, the estrogenic activity in the wastewater can be rapidly estimated.     

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic-eutrophication model (HEM-3D): application to Kwang-Yang Bay, Korea

The purpose of this paper is twofold: to describe the water quality model of Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (HEM-3D) and to present an application of HEM-3D to a coastal system in Korea. HEM-3D, listed as a tool for the development of Total Maximum Daily Load by US Environmental Protection Agency, is a general-purpose modeling package for simulation of the flow field, transport, and eutrophication processes throughout the water column and of diagenetic processes in the benthic sediment. This paper describes the water quality model of HEM-3D with emphasis on its unique features. Excessive loadings of organic wastes have significantly deteriorated water quality conditions of Korean coastal waters. This paper presents an application of HEM-3D to Kwang-Yang Bay, a coastal system in Korea, which is one of the first water quality modeling efforts for Korean coastal waters accompanied by a relatively comprehensive field program. The current status of data availability for water quality modeling in Korea is discussed.     

公元1840年以来东亚夏季风降水变化—— 以中国和韩国的树轮记录为例

根据中国和韩国3条树木年轮降水记录, 本文分析了过去160 a以来东亚夏季风降水的变迁历史. 统计分析表明, 年际间中国和韩国季风降水不存在线性相关, 而在10 a尺度上则表现出同步变化的趋势. 1860~1890, 1910~1925, 1940~1960年是3个降水量较多的时段; 1890~1910, 1925~1940, 1960~1998年, 则是3个降水量较少的时段. 3条降水重建序列均揭示1920年代中期东亚夏季风降水快速由多转少. 同时树木年轮季风降水重建序列也被基于中国历史文献记载所划分的旱涝指数和韩国雨量记录所证实.