浅层初至折射地震资料的自动解释

1 前言自先进的电子计算机和计算机处理技术引入地震勘探领域,无论是地震资料的采集,还是资料的处理解释都日趋于自动化。极大地提高了勘探精度和可靠程度。但这仅限于反射波法地震勘探。而对于折射波法发展较慢,尤其是在资料处理解释方面更是如此。对于浅层初至折射波法,由于数据量较少,其资料处理解释工作仍用人工来完成。本文根据这一情况,讨论在IBM-PC机上对浅层初至折射波地震资料进行自动解释并在绘图仪上绘制解释成果图件的实现原理与方法。并对实际资料进行了处理,经与人工解释的成果资料对比,两者非常接近。因此,用微机对初至折射资料进行自动解释代替人工解释是可行的,     

Recent progress of glaciological studies in China

1IntroductionIn the early 1960s, glaciers in western China were classified into maritime- and continental-types by different glacial environment and physical characteristics (Shi and Xie, 1964). With extensive glaciological investigations in the western regions (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology of CAS, 1988), Lai and Huang (1990) suggested a new classification of temperate, subpolar and quasipolar glaciers, corresponding to the maritime-, subcontinental- and extremely contin…     

太行山南段安林地区侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、 地球化学特征及其构造意义

太行山南段安林地区中生代侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明侵入岩形成于129. 1±1. 0~129. 7±1. 1 Ma,属于早白垩世,与太行山其他地区乃至整个华北地区侵入杂岩体具有相近的形成年代,表明在晚中生代太行山地区与华北地区经历了相同的地球动力学背景和构造环境,即南太行山地区处于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄范围之内。安林地区中生代侵入岩轻稀土总量（LREE平均为113. 71×10-6）明显高于重稀土总量（HREE平均为11. 97×10-6）,具有相对明显的富集轻稀土元素的右倾型配分形式、Eu的弱正异常及大离子亲石元素相对富集的特征,且具有Sr、Ba含量高、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N比值高的特征,表明壳幔岩浆混合是太行山南段安林地区中生代岩浆作用的主要成因机制。     

黑河流域气温和降水再分析数据的不确定性评估

评价区域再分析数据的精度和不确定性对于陆面过程模拟和气候变化分析有重要意义。以黑河流域为研究区,基于站点观测数据对中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素驱动数据集(CMFD)、黑河流域2000—2015年大气驱动数据集(WRFOUT)及黑河流域3 km 6 h时空分辨率模拟气象强迫数据(SFD)在不同下垫面条件下气温和降水的模拟精度进行评价,并通过广义三角帽法(TCH)评价3套数据集的不确定性。结果表明:(1)对于气温数据,WRFOUT数据集在草地、灌丛地、荒漠裸地及湿地下垫面精度较高,而CMFD数据集在农田下垫面精度相对较高,5种下垫面中,3套再分析数据的气温产品在灌丛地精度最高;对于降水数据,CMFD数据集在5种下垫面精度均较高,SFD数据集在草地、灌丛地和荒漠裸地,WRFOUT数据集在草地、农田和湿地表现出高估。(2) CMFD与WRFOUT数据集中气温数据的不确定性相对较低,而SFD数据集中气温数据的不确定性相对较大; 3套数据集中降水数据均表现出相对较高的不确定性,且区域差异明显,地表植被类型复杂和海拔差异较大的地区数据不确定性较高。     

A Bingham-plastic model for fluid mud transport under waves and currents

Simplified equations of fluid mud motion, which is described as Bingham-Plastic model under waves and currents, are presented by order analysis. The simplified equations are non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved by hybrid numerical-analytical technique. As the computational cost is very low, the effects of wave current parameters and fluid mud properties on the transportation velocity of the fluid mud are studied systematically. It is found that the fluid mud can move toward one direction even if the shear stress acting on the fluid mud bed is much smaller than the fluid mud yield stress under the condition of wave and current coexistence. Experiments of the fluid mud motion under current with fluctuation water surface are carried out. The fluid mud transportation velocity predicted by the presented mathematical model can roughly match that measured in experiments.     

西藏冈底斯带门巴地区印支期花岗岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

门巴地区晚三叠世花岗岩主要出露在西藏冈底斯构造带的弧背断隆上,主要岩石类型为黑云角闪花岗闪长岩和黑云二长花岗岩。岩石为钙碱性,具有富SiO2、K2O的特点。K2O/Na2O平均为1.13,相对富钾。Al2O3变化于13.27%～15.53%之间,A/CNK平均为1.0,为准铝质岩石。花岗岩体稀土元素总量∑REE变化于99.5×10-6～294.72×10-6之间,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,具弱至中等的负Eu异常。微量元素以富K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Ta、Y、Yb等高场强元素为特征。岩石学和岩石地球化学研究表明,该时代的花岗岩具I型花岗岩的特点,形成于岛弧环境,是新特提斯洋早期俯冲作用的产物。同时它也暗示着冈底斯岩浆弧带在晚三叠世就已成雏形。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘演变及气候因素分析

Based on the sand dust storms data and climatic data in 12 meteorological stations around sand dust storm originating areas of the Taklimakan Desert, we analyzed the trends of the number of dust storm days from 1960 to 2005 as well as their correlations with temperature, precipitation, wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s. The results show that the frequency of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region decreased with the elapse of time. Except Ruoqiang and Minfeng, in the other 10 meteorological stations, the frequency of dust storm events reduces, and in 4 meteorological stations of Kuqa, Korla, Kalpin and Hotan, the frequency of dust storm events distinctly decreases. The temperature has an increasing trend, while the average wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed ≥ 5 m/s have decreasing trends. The correlation analysis between the number of days of dust storms and climatic parameters demonstrates that wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s have strong positive correlation with the number of days of dust storms, with the correlations coefficients being 0.743 and 0.720 （p〈0.01）, respectively, which indicates that strong wind is the direct factor resulting in sand dust storms. Whereas precipitation has significant negative correlation with the number of days of dust storms （p〈0.01）, and the prior annual precipitation has also negative correlation, which indicates that the prior precipitation restrains the occurrence of sand dust storms, but this restraining action is weaker than the same year＇s precipitation. Temperature has negative correlation with the number of dust storm days, with a correlations coefficient of -0.433 （p〈0.01）, which means that temperature change also has impacts on the occurrence of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region.     

北京密云元古宙常州沟组之下环斑花岗岩古风化壳岩石的发现及其碎屑锆石年龄

在北京密云地区,最近发现环斑花岗岩(脉)上发育有古风化壳,并被长城系常州沟组砂岩覆盖。风化壳物质的组成主要为来自环斑花岗岩的原地风化残留物和粗碎屑岩,采用SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS方法,分别获得环斑花岗岩古风化壳碎屑岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄值为(1682±20)Ma、(1708±6)Ma等,与相邻的密云环斑花岗岩年龄相同。这套古风化壳碎屑岩的存在和测年结果显示,长城系常州沟组的底界年龄应小于1682Ma。     

金门供水仿真分析

针对金门用水现状、发展规划和大陆水资源及工程供水条件,建立大陆向金门供水的水资源系统仿真模型,应用聚合-分解-协调的求解技术,模拟分析不同工程措施供水方案下的金门供需状况,为决策部门提供决策的技术依据。