塔克拉玛干沙漠人工绿地与自然沙地能量收支差异研究

利用2013年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地自然沙地与人工绿地的地表太阳辐射和能量通量观测数据,分析不同下垫面太阳辐射分量和能量收支参数间的差异。结果表明：1）沙地与绿地,辐射各分量日变化特征显着,DR、UR夏季为峰值,冬季-春季-夏季为上升趋势,夏季-秋季-冬季为下降趋势。沙地与绿地ULR的差值为-30-20W?m-2。土壤湿度变化是导致人工绿地与自然沙地地表反照率差异的主要原因之一,在塔克拉玛干沙漠的人工绿地滴灌,增加了土壤含水率,传递到表层具有滞后效应,影响了地表反照率的月变化。2）净辐射,在夜间以G0耗能形式为主,而白天以H耗能形式为主。在塔克拉沙漠大环境影响下,人工绿地的能量分配格局与自然沙地基本相同,但是在植被的生长季与茂盛季节,LE的通量的耗能份额会有所递增,耗能比增加了1.5%。3）人工绿地EBR夜间的波动幅度大于自然沙地,白天自然沙地EBR上升速率要大于人工绿地冬季,自然沙地和人工绿地不闭合率都超过50%,其他季节,人工绿地的不闭合率优于自然沙地。     

Design of controlled elastic and inelastic structures

One of the founders of structural control theory and its application in civil engineering,Professor Emeritus Tsu T.Soong,envisioned the development of the integral design of structures protected by active control devices.Most of his disciples and colleagues continuously attempted to develop procedures to achieve such integral control.In his recent papers published jointly with some of the authors of this paper,Professor Soong developed design procedures for the entire structure using a design-redesign proce...     

Engineering vibration monitoring by GPS： long duration records

Monitoring the performance of any structure requires real-time measurements of the change of position of critical points.Different techniques can be used for this purpose,each one offering advantages and disadvantages.The technique based on satellite positioning systems(GPS,GLONASS and the future GALILEO)seems to be very promising at least for long period structures.The GPS in particular provides sampling rates that are able to track dynamic displacements with high accuracy.Its service ability is indepen...     

A Note on Reviving the Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Turbulent Fluxes （GSSTF） Dataset

Accurate sea surface flux measurements are crucial for understanding the global water and energy cycles. The oceanic evaporation, which is a major component of the global oceanic fresh water flux, is useful for predicting oceanic circulation and transport. The global Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes Version-2 (GSSTF2; July 1987--December 2000) dateset that was officially released in 2001 has been widely used by scientific community for global energy and water cycle research, and regional and short period data analyses. We have recently been funded by NASA to resume processing the GSSTF dataset with an objective of continually producing a uniform dataset of sea surface turbulent fluxes, derived from remote sensing data. The dataset is to be reprocessed and brought up-to-date (GSSTF2b) using improved input datasets such as a recently upgraded NCEP/DOE sea surface temperature reanalysis, and an upgraded surface wind and microwave brightness temperature V6 dataset (Version 6) from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) produced by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS). A second new product (GSSTF3) is further proposed with a finer temporal (12-h) and spatial (0.25^ox0.25^o) resolution. GSSTF2b (July 1987--December 2008) and GSSTF3 (July 1999--December 2009) will be released for the research community to use by late 2009 and early 2011, respectively.     

First record of dinosaur trackway from Tibet,China

Three sauropod trackways comprise eight tracks that resemble Brontopodus tracks have been found at the Morong track site in Changdu Prefecture, Tibet, China. These wide- (or sub-wide)-gauge tracks suggest that there was a large sauropod, possibly a member of Titanosauriformes, in Changdu Prefecture during the Early-Middle Jurassic. The sauropod fauna from Changdu Prefecture, Tibet not only has elements in common with the sauropod fauna from the Sichuan Basin, but may include more diverse faunal components.     

海底电缆多次波压制方法研究

多次波一直是影响地震处理与解释的主要因素之一.本文基于表层相关多次波衰减(Surface Related Multiple Elimination,SRME)理论,对其进行一定的改造,使其可以预测出海底电缆(Ocean Bottom Cable,OBC)数据中所有与表层相关的多次波,而后将预测出的多次波自适应减去.本文对OBC波场,OBC多次波的压制方法给出了介绍,对SRME方法压制OBC多次波理论给出了详尽的阐述.利用SRME理论预测OBC多次波完全数据驱动,不需要地下介质的任何信息,理论数据验证了方法的有效性.     

华北地区两千年以来的地震迁移:大陆内部与板块边缘的地震有怎样的不同

板块构造理论只解释了板块边缘的地震,但没有解释那些发生在大陆内部的地震。而大陆内部的地震多发生在没有预料到的地区。我们以华北地区两千年以来的记录为例揭示板块边界和板内地震的不同。结果表明,大陆内部的大地震在断层系统之间的迁移可延伸至一个很大的区域,甚至没有一个大地震可以在同一断裂带上重复发生两次。然而,这些地震的空间迁移并不是完全没有规律,因为断层系统间地震能量的释放是互补的,表明这些系统之间在力学上是耦合的。我们同时针对大陆内部的地震提出了一个简单的概念模型。在此模型中,大陆内部缓慢的构造负荷被一个复杂交错的断层系统全部吸收,而每条断层在长期休眠后都出现一个短暂的活跃期。由此产生的大地震呈现间歇性与空间迁移性,这与板块边缘的地震所具有的更加规则的时空模型形成鲜明对比。     

用于地震检测与定位的卷积神经网络

近期,美国中部诱发地震的活动演变亟需详尽的编目结果,以提升地震灾害评估能力。在过去的几十年里,地震事件的数据量呈指数增长,这就需要一种高效的算法可靠地检测和定位地震。目前最复杂的方法是通过对大量连续地震记录进行扫描,寻找重复的地震信号。我们根据人工智能领域最新进展提出了ConvNetQuake,它是一个高度可扩展的卷积神经网络,应用单一波形进行地震检测和定位。我们将该技术应用于美国俄克拉何马州的诱发地震活动研究。我们检测到的地震事件数量超过了俄克拉何马州地质调查局之前编目结果的17倍之多。我们算法的处理速度较已有的方法快数个数量级。     

墨西哥城地震预警系统的启示

2017年墨西哥普埃布拉发生7.1级破坏性地震,这次地震为评估公众如何感知和使用墨西哥城的地震预警系统提供了一次良好的检验机会。     

用于搜救的地震损坏建筑的内部模型

地震时如果搜救行动快速,困于倒塌建筑空间内的幸存者就有可能获救。为给搜救队提供指导性的建筑信息,最大程度地降低风险和加快行动,本文提出了一种新颖的计算方法:输入是震前建筑的"竣工"建筑信息建模(BIM)模型和根据地面激光扫描结果得到的震后外面部件的部分"损坏"BIM模型;在地震之前,生成大量的可能倒塌模式;地震之后,可迅速选出几何结构与"损坏"的外部BIM最相似的模式。本文详述了基于点距最小和算法及模态置信准则(MAC)算法的选择方法,并演示了在一系列的计算机模拟的倒塌结构模型上的应用,显示所提出方法的潜在可行性。