Discovery of Stolzite in China and Refinement of Its Crystal Structure

Although stolzite was discovered in Yaogangxian, Hunan Province, China, in 1948, no formal report about this mineral has been published. Recently its crystal structure has been refined by means of the Rietveld method. The cell dimensions of the mineral are: a=b= 0.544503(3) nm, c= 1.20495(1)nm and α=β=γ=90° . The X, Y and Z coordinates of the atom O refined by the authors are 0.2637, 0.1137 and 0.0706, respectively. The length of the W-O bond is 0.17826 nm and the angle of the O-W-O bound are 123° and 103° ,respectively.     

Dynamic Mechanism of Migmatization in the Dabie Complex, Northeastern Hubei, China

On the basis of the detailed field work, compositions and contents of plagioclase and K - feldspar,determination of ordering degree, statistical analysis of plagioclase elongation index, mass-balance calculation and mineral spatial distribution and geochemistry, it is concluded that the migmatites in the Dabie complex are characterized by the presence of thermocenters. There are regular changes in mineral character in the migmatites from the centers outwards. The dominant genetic mechanism is anatexis and metasomatism, whose intensities decrease from the centers outwards. Finally, according to the simulated experiment on Liesegang' s rings and non-linear dynamics (dissipative structure theory), the dynamic mechanism of migmatization is profoundly expouded as consisting of the early-stage metasomatism induced by the thermal anomaly, the cardinal-stage anatexis induced by the early-stage matasomatism and finally the last-stage post-anatexis metasomatism.     

The Age and Character of the Yu''erhong Flora from Yumen, Gansu

From a fresh field investigation, it has been ascertained that the Late Palaeozoic Yu'erhong (Yuernhung) flora from Yu'erhong, Yumen, Gansu, northwestern China, studied by Bohlin in 1971 includes plants from the Westphalian Yangfukou Formation and the Stephanian to Sakmarian Taiyuan Formation. The Yu'erhong flora from the Yanghukou Formation is dominated by Euramerican elements with a few elements of the Cathaysian flora. No Angarian elements have be found in this section for lack of Late Permian strata. The specimens studied by Bohlin might possibly come from the upper part of the Upper Permian at tne southeastern corner . of the Yu'erhong basin. Those fossils from different horizons and localities might be mixed with each other during collection ;so they fail to reflect the exact horizon of certain plant fossils.     

A TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION

Partial least squares (PLS) regression is a commonly used statistical technique for performingmultivariate calibration, especially in situations where there are more variables than samples. Choosingthe number of factors to include in a model is a decision that all users of PLS must make, but iscomplicated by the large number of empirical tests available. In most instances predictive ability is themost desired property of a PLS model and so interest has centred on making this choice based on aninternal validation process. A popular approach is the calculation of a cross-validated r~2 to gauge howmuch variance in the dependent variable can be explained from leave-one-out predictions. Using MonteCarlo simulations for different sizes of data set, the influence of chance effects on the cross-validationprocess is investigated. The results are presented as tables of critical values which are compared againstthe values of cross-validated r~2 obtained from the user's own data set. This gives a formal test forpredictive ability of a PLS model with a given number of dimensions.     

地质系统中双扩散对流的非线性物理学

在热和成分对密度作用的驱动下,双扩散对流(Double—diffusive Convection,D.D.c)属于一种非线性流体动力学现象。我们这里讨论了亚临界状态有限值的双扩散对流在无限值Prandtl数和大lcwis数(Lc)条件下的一些性质。Prandtl数和大lcwis数已应用到岩浆房研究和处于地核—地幔之间(Crust—mantle boundary,CMB)的D′层研究中。由二维有限单元方法所推导出的数据模式可以用来描述与时间变量有关的双扩散对流在扩散区和指状区中的一些性质。由于大lcwis数影响,岩浆房中组成的不均一性远比局部热构造复杂,这种不均一性对耗散岩浆房的地震波有着重要意义,在较高的Rα值条件下,浮力率R_ρ的增加会使与时间有关的双扩散对流减小。在一个较窄的区域里,组成界面的突然翻转会导致指状区内剪切热不稳定地发生。这种现象可能在具有较低的扩散数的岩浆房中发生。     

联邦德国地图学协会主席FREITAG教授来信

尊敬的先生:我谨以德国地图学协会执行委员会的名义,向中国地图学杂志《地图》表示祝贺和致意。在墨西哥,莫雷利亚ICA国际地图学会议的国际展览会上,我有机会看到几本你们的杂志。现在我有了这几本,我仔细地阅读了它们。我常把它们同德国地图学协会的专业杂志——《地图学通报》(Kartographische Nachrichten),世界上最老的地图学专业杂志比     

巴西地盾的生长

引言从广义来讲,花岗质岩石是大陆地壳的主要成分。它们不仅包含从花岗闪长岩、云英闪长岩到真正花岗岩的一般岩浆岩套,也包含着中到高级区域变质地体,在矿物学上它们都是花岗质成分而且构成片麻-混合状片麻岩杂岩普遍分布在地盾区各处。其地质上的发展,部分由Rb-Sr分馏系列研究得到追溯。目前一致认为,全球构造的方式至少从晚前寒武纪约900Ma     

锆石国际标准样和华南玻璃陨石的裂变径迹年龄测定

从美国科罗拉多州西南部菲什峡谷的凝灰岩中分选出来的锆石,已定为裂变径迹年龄测定方法的国际标准样。本文报道对锆石国际标准样和华南玻璃陨石的裂变径迹年龄测定结果,完成的数据与其他国内外实验室数据在误差范围内吻合,并特别详细介绍了锆石裂变径迹的蚀刻方法。     

The Machanism of Bacterial Oxidation of Sulphides

The bacteria used in the experiment are Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans separated from acidic mine water in sulphide deposits. The chemoautotrophic bacteria can act directly on sulphides and accelerate the oxidation of sulphides. The experiment shows that the bacteria, as an important microbial factor of gold's supergenous enrichment within the oxidized zones of sulphide deposits, are helpful to dissolve gold and silver in ferric sulphate. In the bacterial oxidation process, the precipitation of goethite is concerned both with the lower activity of ferric ions and with the existence of carbonates in solution. Meanwhile, the acid-resisting and oxidizing ability of the bacteria will certainly lead up to a microbial way of treating the acidic mine water.     

变质流体的溶液化学

变质流体中载有重要的溶解物质，这些溶解物不但在交代作用过程中起着重要作用，而且还影响着固相平衡。岩石中的某些组分（如氧化硅），虽溶于水但却不能形成络合物，即便在有附加配位体的情况下也是如此。大多数阳离子的浓度主要取决于络合配位体的有效性。尽管氯化物是配位体中最重要的成员，但对某些金属而言，那些较次要的配位体却更为有效。