频谱仪参数分析及在电视会商系统中的应用

全国天气预报电视会商及会议系统面向31个省的建设任务已经告一段落,但相关的运行维护还要持续很长一段时期。作为一种在通信领域广泛应用的传统测试仪器,频谱仪在卫星地面站的建设、运行和维护中发挥了很重要的作用。该文简要介绍了频谱仪的基本原理,对其关键参数如分辨率带宽、视频带宽、扫描时间、扫描范围等进行了分析,并结合全国天气预报电视会商系统中的工程应用,如卫星小站的入网调试、极化的监测与调整等进行了验证和说明。     

Sediment bacterial communities are more complex in coastal shallow straits than in oceanic deep straits

Straits are ideal models to investigate the bacterial community assembly in complex hydrological environments. However, few studies have focused on bacterial communities in them. Here, comparable bacterial communities in costal shallow Bohai Strait(BS) and oceanic deep Fram Strait(FS) were studied. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were both higher in BS than in FS. The relative abundances of the classes Deltaproteobacteria and Bacilli and the family Halieaceae were higher in BS than in FS, in contrast to the families OM1_clade and JTB255_marine_benthic_group, revealing typical characteristics of bacterial communities in coastal and oceanic regions. Cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis index showed that samples were clustered by depth layer in FS and BS, indicating that structures of bacterial communities would diff er with increasing water depth in straits. Additionally, the cluster relationships among samples in abundant and rare communities were both similar to those in entire communities. However, the dissimilarities among samples showed a descending order as rare communities, entire communities and abundant communities. Network analysis indicated that the BS network was obviously more complex than the FS network. Filamentous bacteria Desulfobulbaceae exhibited high degree values in BS but not in FS, indicating key roles of Desulfobulbaceae in the BS. Our study provides different and common evidences for understanding microbial ecology in coastal shallow and oceanic deep straits.     

化学消油剂对原油乳化及微生物降解的影响

化学消油剂的使用已成为国内外海洋溢油事故应急处理的重要措施之一。本文分别从光明化学消油剂GM-8的用量、油水比及环境pH等方面,对正十四烷及原油乳化效果进行分析。结果表明, GM-8对正十四烷及原油的乳化效果较好,当化学消油剂的用量为原油的5%时,正十四烷及原油的乳化指数较高。在消油剂与原油用量比为一定值时,原油的乳化效果与海水的量几乎没有关系。环境pH对GM-8乳化原油的影响不大,乳化后的原油可以在海洋环境中稳定7 d以上。GM-8对原油的微生物降解有一定的增强作用。N/P、环境的pH以及微生物的接种量等均对乳化原油的生物降解有较大的影响。当微生物的接种量由培养基的1%增加到10%时,乳化原油的微生物降解率增加了一倍以上,达到91.6%。     

毛乌素沙地库伦生态经济圈结构、效益及农牧民行为

以户为单位的库伦生态经济圈作为毛乌素沙地牧区最基本的生产单位,与沙地生态系统稳定和区域经济发展密切相关。本文基于鄂托克前旗1986年和2020年户库伦土地利用数据及390户2020年生态经济问卷调查数据,阐明户库伦土地的生态系统服务价值分布规律及不同价值背景下经济圈结构模式、效益和农牧民生计行为的一般特征。结果表明：户库伦生态系统服务价值呈正态分布模式,为0～4.5亿元,其中中低（50万～300万元）及中高（300万～700万元）价值户库伦在全旗所占比例最高（59.04%、23.17%）;低（0～50万元）及高（700万元以上）价值户库伦数较少（12.43%、5.36%）;库伦生态经济圈均为以畜牧为主、农林为辅的农林草畜复合生态产业发展模式,经济效益随库伦土地的生态系统服务价值增加而增大;农牧户消费支出结构具有相似性,农牧业生产投入、礼节性支出和交通费用支出比例较高,占比分别为37.92%、22.71%、13.28%,且随着收入增加渐增;近35年区域生态环境显著改善,极大地提高了农牧户经济效益和生活水平。     

滇东煤田恩洪—富源地区宣威组网结河沉积特征

宣威组中段上部（13^#煤顶板至7^#煤）是恩洪－富源地区晚二叠世含煤地层含煤性最好的层段，研究表明该层段为网结河沉积。河道沉积为多层叠置的砂体，湿地沉积主要有菱铁质泥岩，粉砂岩和煤，并夹有大量的薄层席状砂岩（决口扇沉积）。网结河的发育可能主要受控于海平面的变化。全区分布的稳定厚煤层形成于河道大规模废弃之后。     

延安地区春夏季各类云状与降水关系的统计分析

延安地区春夏季各类云状与降水关系的统计分析王鹰，杨金海，刘红梅（延安地区人工影响天气办公室延安·７１６０００）陈君寒（陕西省人工影响天气中心西安·７１００１５）延安地区天气气候具有春季于早、夏季降水集中的特征，但是，在于旱少雨的时期内，对流性和混合性...     

黑河流域中游荒漠典型区域植被生物量及其影响因素

以黑河流域中游荒漠区地表植被和土壤水分2008—2016年长期定位监测数据为依据,深入分析了试验区植被高度、盖度、密度和土壤水分变化对植被地上生物量的影响,确定了各相关因子的贡献率,为黑河流域荒漠化区生态治理提供数据支撑。结果表明：龙首荒漠区9年间的生物量变幅85.8—214.6 g·m^-2,2015年的群落平均盖度和生物量最大,分别为33.7%和214.6 g·m^-2,群落密度对生物量的年际变化贡献大,贡献率27%,群落高度、10—20 cm层次土壤水分对生物量的年际变化贡献次之,贡献率14%;西洞荒漠区生物量变幅55.1—109.8 g·m^-2,群落盖度、植株密度和高度等生物因子对其生物量的年际变化影响较小,而0—40 cm层次土壤含水量的变化对西洞荒漠区生物量年际变化的贡献较大,为20%以上。     

Microbial ecological associations in the surface sediments of Bohai Strait

Microbial communities play key roles in the marine ecosystem. Despite a few studies on marine microbial communities in deep straits, ecological associations among microbial communities in the sediments of shallow straits have not been fully investigated. The Bohai Strait in northern China(average depth less than 20 m) separates the Bohai Sea from the Yellow Sea and has organic-rich sediments. In this study, in the summer of 2014, six stations across the strait were selected to explore the taxonomic composition of microbial communities and their ecological associations. The four most abundant classes were Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacilli and Flavobacteriia. Temperature, total carbon, depth, nitrate, fishery breeding and cold water masses influenced the microbial communities, as suggested by representational dif ference and composition analyses. Network analysis of microbial associations revealed that key families included Flavobacteriaceae, Pirellulaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae. Our findings suggest that the families with high phylogenetic diversity are key populations in the microbial association network that ensure the stability of microbial ecosystems. Our study contributes to a better understanding of microbial ecology in complex hydrological environments.     

黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿田矿石矿物特征及物化性能分析

综合应用显微观测、化学分析和物化检测手段，对黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿床沸石岩进行了系统研究，确定其矿物组成主要为斜发沸石和丝光沸石，二可单独产出，也可形成混合型矿石。该矿石在成分上属高硅型沸石，SiO2／Al2O3比值均大于8，有富元素As、Pb等较低。物化性能测试表明，穆棱沸石矿为高品级沸石矿，矿石平均热失重值达12．8％，NH4^ 交换容量为146．10meq/100g^,K^ 交换容量平均9．58mmol/100g，丝光沸石热稳定性可稳定至800℃-900℃，具有良好的开发应用前景。     

适宜盐渍土地基的二次抛物线形渠道断面智能优化设计

新疆维吾尔自治区南疆地区盐渍化程度严重,盐渍土地基的冻胀、盐胀破坏对渠道边坡稳定造成极大危害。为了避免采用迭代计算法进行二次抛物线形渠道断面优化设计存在计算量冗杂、累计误差大及计算精度低等问题,建立了基于人工原子算法的盐渍土地基抛物线形渠道断面优化设计数学模型。以二次抛物线形状参数为自变量,在已知渠道底坡和糙率条件下,以设计流速和宽深比为约束条件,根据中小型渠道水力最佳断面与实用经济断面的倍比系数,采用人工原子算法优化形状参数,以确定渠道实用经济断面。将该数学模型应用于新疆塔里木灌区小四支渠,验证其有效性。结果表明：与试算法相比,该方法在中小渠道的断面优化设计中,计算流量误差仅为试算法误差的0.85%;采用该方法得到的抛物线形优化断面混凝土工程量较原矩形断面减少3.34%。