盐度对变化2014年东北太平洋“暖泡”的作用

A significant strong, warm "Blob"(a large circular water body with a positive ocean temperature anomaly)appeared in the Northeast Pacific(NEP) in the boreal winter of 2013–2014, which induced many extreme climate events in the US and Canada. In this study, analyses of the temperature and salinity anomaly variations from the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography(Argo) data provided insights into the formation of the warm"Blob" over the NEP. The early negative salinity anomaly dominantly contributed to the shallower mixed layer depth(MLD) in the NEP during the period of 2012–2013. Then, the shallower mixed layer trapped more heat in the upper water column and resulted in a warmer sea surface temperature(SST), which enhanced the warm"Blob". The salinity variability contributed to approximately 60% of the shallowing MLD related to the warm"Blob". The salinity anomaly in the warm "Blob" region resulted from a combination of both local and nonlocal effects. The freshened water at the surface played a local role in the MLD anomaly. Interestingly, the MLD anomaly was more dependent on the local subsurface salinity anomaly in the 100–150 m depth range in the NEP.The salinity anomaly in the 50–100 m depth range may be linked to the anomaly in the 100–150 m depth range by vertical advection or mixing. The salinity anomaly in the 100–150 m depth range resulted from the eastward transportation of a subducted water mass that was freshened west of the dateline, which played a nonlocal role.The results suggest that the early salinity anomaly in the NEP related to the warm "Blob" may be a precursor signal of interannual and interdecadal variabilities.     

涡分辨率海洋模式及其海气耦合模式中吕宋海峡处的黑潮入侵

比较了准全球涡分辨率海洋模式（简记为LICOMH）及其海气耦合模式（简记为LICOMHC）中的黑潮入侵南海与观测中黑潮入侵的差异。我们发现在单独海洋模式中黑潮入侵与观测相比过强,而在其海气耦合模式中这一差异得到了改善。冬季的吕宋海峡输送（LST）在LICOMH中为-8.8×10⁶ m³s^-1,而在LICOMHC中则下降到-6.0×10⁶ m³s^-1 。进一步的研究表明是大尺度风场,局地风应力和吕宋海峡以东中尺度涡旋的共同作用导致了黑潮入侵在两个模式中的不同。LICOMH中吕宋岛东北部相对较强的气旋导致了较弱的黑潮输送及吕宋海峡处较强的黑潮入侵。以上三者共同作用造成的LST差异大约是2.0×10⁶ m³s^-1,与两个模式间的LST差异大小基本相当。进一步对LICOMH与LICOMHC中的EKE收支进行分析表明,LICOMH中更强的EKE输送及斜压转换项导致了黑潮以东存在更强的气旋,而海表风场对两个模式中的涡旋差异贡献极小。     

全球气候模式中赤道东太平洋海表温度的季节循环：从CMIP5到CMIP6

The sea surface temperature(SST) seasonal cycle in the eastern equatorial Pacific(EEP) plays an important role in the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) phenomenon. However, the reasonable simulation of SST seasonal cycle in the EEP is still a challenge for climate models. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of 17 CMIP6 climate models in simulating the seasonal cycle in the EEP and compared them with 43 CMIP5 climate models. In general, only CESM2 and SAM0-UNICON are able to successfully capture the annual mean SST characteristics,and the results showed that CMIP6 models have no fundamental improvement in the model annual mean bias.For the seasonal cycle, 14 out of 17 climate models are able to represent the major characteristics of the observed SST annual evolution. In spring, 12 models capture the 1–2 months leading the eastern equatorial Pacific region 1(EP1; 5°S–5°N, 110°–85°W) against the eastern equatorial Pacific region 2(EP2; 5°S–5°N, 140°–110°W). In autumn,only two models, GISS-E2-G and SAM0-UNICON, correctly show that the EP1 and EP2 SSTs vary in phase. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP1, both the cold bias along the equator in the warm phase and the warm bias in the cold phase lead to a weaker annual SST cycle in the CGCMs, which is similar to the CMIP5 results. However,both the seasonal cold bias and warm bias are considerably decreased for CMIP6, which leads the annual SST cycle to more closely reflect the observation. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP2, the amplitude is similar to the observed value due to the quasi-constant cold bias throughout the year, although the cold bias is clearly improved after August compared with CMIP5 models. Overall, although SAM0-UNICON successfully captured the seasonal cycle characteristics in the EEP and the improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in simulating EEP SST is clear, the fundamental climate models simulated biases still exist.     

用Argo温盐资料估计印度尼西亚贯穿流多年平均地转输送

利用Argo浮标资料,估计了2003—2007年期间印度尼西亚贯穿流（ITF）出口处114.5^οE断面上层(0—1000m)的地转流,并与WOA05资料进行对比。在114.5^οE断面上9.5^ο—18.5^οS之间,依据Argo资料计算的上层(0—1000m)地转流年平均输送为4.2Sv(1 Sv = 106m^3.s^-1),比依据WOA05资料计算的流量大0.5Sv左右,与前人对IX1断面的估算接近。依据Argo资料计算的ITF的季节变化也与WOA05比较一致,最大输送都出现在7月份,可以达到10Sv,而冬季二者差异较大。比较了盐度资料的差异以及114.5^οE断面南侧缺测对估计ITF地转流输送的影响,发现盐度资料的改善可以改进对ITF地转输送量的估计,而断面南侧的缺测对ITF年平均输送的影响较小。因此,Argo资料可以作为监测ITF输送量的一种有效手段,特别是用于年平均流量的研究。     

南海与邻近海洋的水通量交换

利用一个局地加密的全球海洋环流模式,给出位于细网格海域的南中国海与其邻近海洋之间水交换的年平均和月变化的定量结果。结果表明,南海与周围海洋交换的水通量受南海季风的影响较大,其中吕宋海峡的交换量最大,其次为南海南部边界的断面,再者依次为台湾海峡,民都洛海峡和巴拉巴克海峡,另外还对南海各个海峡的热通量,盐通量进行了估算。     

采用案例类比推理进行道路网智能选取

自动制图综合的智能化研究因受人类复杂思维制约,长期以来成为研究的薄弱环节。从人类学习和认知角度,借鉴人工智能领域基于案例推理学习的成果,提出一种基于案例类比推理的道路网智能选取新方法。该方法将制图专家对某区域道路网的交互选取结果作为参考标准,对其进行结构化描述并构建和转化为案例库;计算机采用一定的简化算法和泛化算法对该案例库进行分析和学习,获取检索效率更高和适应样本能力更强的案例模型库;计算机在对相似道路网自动选取时,根据获取的案例模型库,采用基于案例类比推理的方法,分析获取相应的解决方案,进而完成道路网智能选取。与已有研究成果相比,本方法以案例及其泛化模型来模拟专家思维,以计算机对案例模型的类比学习来进行相似道路网自动选取,弥补了传统道路网选取中智能性差的缺陷,为自动综合智能化研究找到了一条可行途径。论文最后对本方法的科学性和适用性进行了验证,并对实验结果做了分析和评价,同时指出了存在问题和进一步研究方向。     

Versions g1.0 and g1.1 of the LASGIAP Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model

The latest two versions of the IAP Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model- versions g1.0 and g1.1, are described in this study. Both two versions are fully coupled GCMs without any flux correction, major changes for g1.1 mainly lie in four aspects: (1) advection schemes for tracer in the ocean component model; (2) zonal filter scheme in high latitudes in the ocean component model; (3) coupling scheme for fresh water flux in high latitudes; and (4) an improved algorithm of airsea turbule...     

新疆东天山磁海铁矿区侵入岩年龄及其对矿床形成时代的制约

新疆东天山是中国重要铁铜多金属成矿带之一,磁海大型铁矿床位于该成矿带南缘的北山裂谷带内。铁矿体赋存于早期辉绿岩和矽卡岩中,呈透镜状、脉状近平行排列,后期辉绿岩脉穿切早期辉绿岩和矿体。在野外地质调查的基础上,文章对早期辉绿岩和成矿期后辉绿岩脉进行了年代学研究。锆石LA-MC-ICP MS U-Pb测年结果表明,赋矿辉绿岩的形成时代为（286.5±1.8）Ma和（284.8±1.3）Ma,辉绿岩脉形成于（275.8±2.2）Ma,由此限定磁海铁矿床的形成年龄在286~275 Ma,属于早二叠世成矿。结合区域岩浆和构造活动研究成果认为,磁海铁矿床成矿作用与东天山地区早二叠世大规模镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆作用密切相关,形成于碰撞后伸展构造环境中。     

塔里木盆地塔中—古城地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地边缘相特征及演化

塔里木盆地塔中—古城地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带的存在早已被证实,但由于地层深度大、钻井少、地震资料品质有限且经历多次构造运动,导致台缘带的空间展布、位置迁移等都尚无确凿定论。综合分析钻测井、地震剖面、岩心等资料,按时间顺序将研究区奥陶系台缘相带的发育分为3个阶段:下奥陶统蓬莱坝组有明显的镶边型台缘发育,近南北走向,整体呈"S"型展布;中下奥陶统鹰山组的台缘带与蓬莱坝组的展布范围大体相似,但在古隆1井处呈现反"S"型分布,镶边型和缓坡型都存在,相带变窄,略向台地内部收缩;上奥陶统恰尔巴克组—良里塔格组时期存在塔中南、北两个台缘相带,北坡台缘为缓坡型,南坡宽度略大且坡度变陡,为镶边型。奥陶纪台缘带的平面迁移整体呈现从南北向近"S"型逐渐变为开口向西的"V"型的特点;早中奥陶世台地边缘相带开始向盆地内部迁移,台地边缘—斜坡带也主要呈退积-加积式发育。奥陶纪晚期,海平面大幅下降,地层遭到严重剥蚀,残余的台缘带分布明显缩小。大规模迅速海退之后,晚奥陶世的新一轮海进导致台地边缘相带向台地高部位逐步退缩。     

基于漂流浮标观测分析日本福岛以东表层海洋物质的散播轨迹

认识海洋中的物质如何散播对于理解海洋环境变化和人类活动污染在海洋中的扩散过程具有非常重要的意义。利用历史海表漂流浮标观测数据,对日本福岛以东海域的表层物质散播轨迹进行了拉格朗日示踪分析和观测模拟试验研究。结果发现,福岛以东海域海表浮标的散播路径主要分为东、南两支,其中速度较快的东支为主要通道,沿黑潮延伸体汇入北太平洋流,最短用时大约22个月即可到达北美西海岸;南支则沿黑潮延伸体以南的大范围南向流向西南方向运移,速度较慢且明显受涡旋活动影响,最快大约5个月即可到达吕宋海峡和中国台湾以东海域,进而进入南海和东海等中国近海海域。通过开展观测模拟试验,发现海表浮标散播的概率密度分布呈现以福岛附近海域为核心、向西南和正东方向递减扩展的形态,其中,到达中国近海的浮标主要通过吕宋海峡进入。文章详细讨论了研究结果的局限性、不足之处,以及因基于大量现场观测而具备的重要参考价值。