浙西低山丘陵区景观格局变化的高程分异研究——以桐庐县为例

国内外学者对于景观格局的地形分异研究,经历了从景观类型分布高程差异到景观指数高程分异研究的过程,目前处在景观格局静态地形分异阶段。本文利用浙江西部桐庐县1996、2004的土地利用现状图和DEM数据,对其1996-2004年景观格局动态演变特征的高程分异规律进行研究。研究对桐庐县1996、2004年的土地利用现状图进行处理获得景观类型分布图,通过1∶10000的DEM数据的分带操作,生成不同高程带的景观类型分布图。选取斑块密度、景观形状指数、分维数、破碎度、香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数等景观格局指数,并在ArcGIS和Fragstats的支持下,计算出各带两个年份的景观格局指数并作对比分析。结果表明:研究区景观格局演变具有明显的高程分异特征,不仅表现为景观类型分布的变化与高程变化相关,而且体现在景观格局指数的变化值随高程上升而增减的趋势也有一定的规律性:景观水平上所有指数变化的剧烈程度大致与高程呈负相关关系,景观类型水平上各景观类型的破碎度、和斑块密度变化程度随海拔升高趋于缓和。     

Analysis of Jiangsu Tidal Flats Reclamation from 1974 to 2012 Using Remote Sensing

Jiangsu has the most abundant tidal flat resources among China’s coastal provinces. To ease the conflict between the growing population and shrinking usable land and to promote regional sustainable development, large-scale coastal reclamation development activities have been performed in Jiangsu Province since 1949. The present study has integrated multi-source remote sensing images during 1974 to 2012 by using a Multi-point Fast Marching Method (MFMM) to extract the Jiangsu coastal reclamation areas for different time periods. The temporal and spatial patterns of the extent and elevation of the reclamation areas were analysed in order to determine the unused potential for future reclamation. It will provide information necessary to support the development and construction of tidal flats in Jiangsu. Results show that: (1) the reclaimed tidal flats along the Jiangsu coast cover more than 19.86×104 hm2, of which 13.97×104 hm2 is located in Yancheng, 4.84×104 hm2 in Nantong, and 1.05×104 hm2 in Lianyungang; (2) the average elevation of the reclaimed Jiangsu tidal flats has gradually decreased over the last 40 years, while those in Dongtai and Rudong have showed particularly accelerated decrease since the 1990s; and (3) in 2012, very few unused tidal flats two meters above the sea level are left along the Jiangsu coast, and mainly concentrated in Yancheng. As there are still reserving some coastal land resources between 0?2 m, providing us with a potential for future development. All of these findings may be useful for researchers and local authorities for the development and utilization of tidal flat resources in Jiangsu.     

一种基于遥感数据快速提取居民地信息的新方法

基于Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像的谱间关系,利用居民地与背景地物光谱值在波段3、波段4、波段5的差异,提出了一种新的建筑指数(New Built-up Index,NBI),并利用该指数提取居民地信息.选用常州市为研究区,以2007年Landsat TM影像为数据源,居民地提取精度达90%;进一步在多丘陵地区桐庐县进行验证,融入植被指数,居民地提取精度达91%.     

基于志愿观测船舶和浮标数据的SST日产品质量评价研究

选用浮标、志愿观测船舶(VOS)数据作为验证数据对MODIS Aqua,MODIS Terra,AVHRR-OI,OSTIA和RTG五种SST日产品进行了时相差异、近海SST偏差和SST偏差区域整体差异分析的质量评价,以期为日产品的后续应用提供依据。结果表明:不同分析方案得到结论基本一致,在时相差异方面,各季节及年度分析显示各日产品优劣特性相近,其中AVHRR-OI最优(年数据分析回归系数为0.973 6,R2为0.976 0,RMSE为0.71℃),RTG、MODIS Aqua和MODIS Terra次之,OSTIA最差(年数据分析回归系数为0.945 4,R2为0.943 7,RMSE为1.08℃);在近海区域,AVHRR-OI比其他日产品能更真实地反映海表温度状况,OSTIA最差(二者Grade分别为30和13);在海洋表面区域整体特性方面,AVHRR-OI日产品质量在研究区海域存在更少的高正值和低负值,且均值和RMSE也更理想(最低仅分别为0.40和0.59℃);而RTG和OSTIA则差于AVHRR-OI。     

一种去除遥感影像混合噪声的集成BM3D方法

BM3D（block matching and 3D filtering）是一种有效的高斯噪声去除方法,但对遥感影像中常含有的高斯和脉冲混合噪声去除效果具有局限性;而集成方法是去除混合噪声的有效方式。针对BM3D去噪的缺点,结合其去噪优势,研究发展了一种集成BM3D方法,并改进了一种噪声量估算方法M-Liu法,用于先验噪声估算,作为算法的输入参数。算法验证结果表明,集成BM3D法具有较好的去噪特性,能兼顾影像噪声去除和细节信号的保留,优于同类方法,可为图像去噪提供一种新的方法,对于遥感影像后期应用性研究具有一定的意义。     

基于场强模型的南沙岛礁战略地位评价

南沙岛礁及附近海域蕴含丰富的资源,是中国海洋权益的重要组成部分。在南海主权争端日益激烈的形式下,根据岛礁自然特征和所处空间的资源条件,对南沙诸岛进行战略地位评价,有利于量化各岛礁价值,有重点地维护中国海洋权益。研究选取131 座符合评价条件的南沙岛礁,结合其自然属性以及南海空间的资源、航道等因素,使用场强模型,量化其在空间中的主权法律意义、军事价值和资源条件,获得了各岛礁的战略地位得分,可为研判南海局势提供参考。评价结果表明：部分具有显著战略地位和区域重要意义的南沙岛礁至今无人驻守,需重点关注;人工建设可明显提升岛礁的战略地位;在现有格局下,加大岛礁建设力度有助于维护中国南海的海洋权益。     

基于边缘的多光谱遥感图像分割方法

从Marr视觉计算理论和Tobler地学第一定律出发,提出了基于边缘的多光谱遥感图像分割方法.在基于边缘的多光谱遥感图像分割方法中,由边缘检测、边缘综合、边缘生长、区域标号等环节组成.该遥感图像分割方法在可视化开发平台Delphi中予以编程实现.将之应用于日本熊本市（Kumamoto）的Quickbird多光谱遥感图像中,并与多种遥感分割算法进行了比较：（1）从多光谱遥感图像各波段亮度信息利用的程度上看,提出的遥感图像分割方法能充分利用多波段亮度信息;（2）从遥感图像分割结果上看,由于分别对不同的波段进行边缘检测,并在此基础上进行边缘综合、边缘生长,遥感图像中的细节特征得到了充分体现,遥感图像分割效果更理想;（3）从计算复杂度和计算效率上看,基于边缘的多光谱遥感图像分割法较其他分割方法有一定的优势.     

淤泥质海岸形态的演变及形成机制

在淤长型和侵蚀型岸段之间,存在着一种由淤积到侵蚀的过渡型岸段。通过剖面测量、粒度分析和地质调查,认为过渡型岸段具有上部淤积下部冲刷、冲刷逐渐向上部扩展、潮滩表层沉积物不断租化、淤积带逐渐变窄最后过渡到全剖面侵蚀的基本特征和发展趋势。     

基于WebGIS的南海历史地理情势分析系统设计与实现

结合当前南海严峻形势以及GIS系统开发的特点,研究设计了基于Arc GIS Engine组件、采用SQL Server数据库与Arc SDE空间数据引擎、以Visual Studio 2010为开发平台、C#为开发语言的南海历史地理情势分析系统;该系统包括了历史情势分析、岛礁分析、油气分析和系统管理4个模块,可用于统筹分析南海历史情势、岛礁情势和油气情势的发展状况及趋势。     

A DEM Inversion Method for Inter-Tidal Zone Based on MODIS Dataset: A Case Study in the Dongsha Sandbank of Jiangsu Radial Tidal Sand-Ridges, China

Surface elevation is the basic data for geo-science. It is difficult to retrieve tidal-flats’ elevation from single Remote Sensing (RS) image because of the complicated sediment dynamical environment and huge spatial difference in tidal-flats’ moisture content. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) construction method for inconstant inter-tidal zone based on high tempo-resolution MODIS data set in a short period is proposed in a case study on the Dongsha Sandbank of the Jiangsu Radial Tidal Sand-ridges. In the present study, a batch-preprocessing method based on image partition to handle massive MODIS 1B images is developed and applied to 8163 scenes of MODIS images. The dataset of short-period and multi-temporal MODIS images for inter-tidal flats’ DEM inversion is selected and the usability of MODIS dataset is analyzed. Shorelines of the Dongsha Sandbank are extracted by use of batch supervised classification. In accord with tidal-level forecasted by the Chenjiawu Tidal Gauge Station at the overpass moment of each RS image, DEMs of inter-tidal flats in January and summer(Jul, Aug and Sept), 2003 were built under ArcGIS9.2. Studies show that: (1) The dataset of short-duration and multi-phase MODIS images can be used to retrieve the historical DEM of tidal-flats at changeful tidal flats. (2) Analysis on usability of MODIS images from Aqua and Terra indicates that there are more usable and high-quality MODIS images in spring, autumn and winter, but less in summer. Therefore, the period for building inter-tidal flats’ DEM is suggested to be one month in spring, autumn and winter and three months in summer.