月地岩矿光谱特征对比及月表信息提取方法简介

分析了月、地同类岩石矿物的光谱特征差异,对比了遥感地质信息提取方法和模型的适用性。利用Clemen-tine UV-VIS（紫外—可见光）数据,以月表典型撞击坑Aristillus（阿里斯基尔）和典型月海Humorum（湿海）为研究区,对月球表面岩矿信息提取方法进行了初步实践。     

西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩带萨尔托海岩体深部结构、构造特征:地质与地球物理证据

西准噶尔地区分布多条蛇绿混杂岩带,地表地质已有大量研究成果,但蛇绿岩深部结构构造研究相对薄弱,一定程度上制约了该地区地质构造演化的深入认识.为此,本文选取达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩带萨尔托海段开展了大比例尺地质填图配套地面重力、磁法和可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)等综合测量,获得了该蛇绿岩体地表分布、接触关系以及深部的磁性、密度结构和电性特征,精细刻画了蛇绿岩的深部结构与构造,并进一步分析了其侵位机制和动力学过程.萨尔托海蛇绿岩具有低重力、高磁性和变化范围较宽的电阻率值,岩体整体以构造岩块状产出,表现出挤压逆冲、走滑剪切、破碎蚀变等变形变质.本文及前人研究成果表明,萨尔托海岩体是在近东西向挤压兼走滑应力作用下以斜向楔冲形式构造就位,并进一步受到后期左行走滑和岩浆作用的叠加改造.结合区域构造演化,西准噶尔蛇绿岩的构造侵位与晚石炭世板块汇聚背景下残余洋盆的收缩有关,持续的挤压兼走滑应力使残余洋盆下伏基底蛇绿岩沿断裂构造侵位于上覆沉积地层.     

新疆乌尊布拉克东部干盐湖成盐环境和成盐年代的初步研究

新疆乌尊布拉克盐湖是我国目前少见的含钾硝酸盐型盐湖。文中根据资料和ＣＫ９６—１钻孔剖面中(１４)Ｃ年龄以及岩性的变化,粗略地探讨第四纪晚更新世末期大约４万年以来新疆乌尊布拉克盐湖沉积特征、成盐环境和大致年代。     

Geological Relationships Between the Intrusions,Country Rocks,and Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfides of the Kharaelakh Intrusion,Noril′sk Region:Implications for the Roles of Sulfide Differentiation and Metasomatism in Their Genesis

The Ni-Cu-platinum group element sulfide ore deposits of the Kharaelakh Intrusion,Noril′sk Region,Siberia,represent a large concentration of sulfides associated with a small differentiated intrusion formed at the edge of the Siberian Craton in the roots of the Siberian Trap flood basalt.The deposit is associated with an intrusion that occupies a flanking periclinal structure adjacent to the Noril′sk-Kharaelakh Fault.The intrusion is strongly differentiated and comprises taxitic gabbrodolerites,picritic gabbrodolerites,and gabbrodolerites within the main body which in turn forms a chonolith within a sheet-like intrusion that extends laterally to form extensive undifferentiated sills of gabbrodolerite.The intrusion substantially replaces the stratigraphy of the country rocks,and although it appears to have exploited the axis of structures developed in response to transtension,the intrusion has created space by both mechanical dilation of stratigraphy and magmatic replacement of pre-existing sedimentary rocks.The frontal lobes of the main intrusion have complex apophyses of gabrodolerite on a range of scales that demonstrate replacement of the sedimentary rocks and link to the development of an extensive metamorphic halo in the country rocks.This halo is much narrower over the main body of the intrusion,and these observations have implications for the thermal history of the intrusion.Mg-skarns and breccias are developed in the roof of the main body of the intrusion.Within the intrusion,the taxitic rocks contain vesicles and the blebby sulfides developed in the picritic and taxitic gabbrodolerites appear to have a linkage to volatile phases.Cuprous sulfide mineralization developed at the roof of the Kharaelakh Intrusion is associated with metamorphosed and skarn-bearing country rocks,and appears to have been generated by a combination of sulfide fractionation and associated metasomatism.The geological relationships appear consistent with a chonolith model for the development of the differentiated intrusion and mineralization,but the extent of metasmorphism of the country rocks appears to be related to the unusual thickness of gabbrodolerite apophyses at the flanks of the intrusion rather than metamorphism produced by the passage of mafic magma through the intrusion.Variations in disseminated sulfide compositions and metasomatic textures in the skarns are described,and a model is proposed which balances traditional views on the evolution of the magma conduits with the impact of magmatic fluids transported through the magma column(i.e.transmagmatic fluids).The importance of structures in controlling the nature of the conduit,and the resultant small intrusions with excess sulfide is a feature of many other Ni-Cu sulfide deposits including Voisey′s Bay,and it is suggested that the sulfides are more likely to have beentransported from depth into their final resting place rather than developed by in-situ equilibration of sulfide with fresh magma in the chonolith.     

长期极移的移动方向及北京中轴线偏移之谜

太阳光压、地球的公转与自转、黄赤交角的存在及地球表面陆地和海洋的地理分布绝妙地组成了一套天然的能激发自转轴晃动(Wobble)并产生极移的日-地间能量(动量)相耦合的物理机制.太阳光压对自转轴摆动的激发时间存在两种不同的周期,即周年期激发机制和周日期激发机制,由此产生的极移运动轨迹也可分为周年期变化和周日期变化两种,这两种极移运动轨迹中均含有长期极移的成分.本文详细讨论了周日期激发机制引起的瞬时极移及其运动特征和长期极移及其运动方向,并按现今地球表面陆地和海洋的分布格局,求出长期极移的总体运动方向大致为参考极M沿西经70°～80°向加拿大的埃尔斯米尔岛移动.依据本文的研究成果,可以帮助人们揭开自元代(距今已800多年)以来所建立的北京中轴线为什么逆时针偏离子午线2°多这一极富传奇色彩的谜团.     

The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences

The "mean value concept" in a mono-linear regression of multi-variables is clarified.Its applications to reconstruction of the past 90-year salinity of the sea surface water in Xisha Islands and to tracing the past 80 ka paleo-geomagnetic events from the Luochuan loess 10Be record are introduced in detail,which show the significance and the potential of the "mean value concept" in geoscience research.     

GRAPES区域模式水汽平流方案的比较与改进

与欧拉显式时间差分方法相比,GRAPES区域模式采用半隐半拉格朗日时间差分方案可增加时间步长且不影响稳定性,而且模式积分可有较高的计算效率和准确性。半拉格朗日法需要用到内插算法来预测下一时刻的值,对于水汽场的内插值来说,常常会造成预报值的过饱和或者是负值,需要进行特殊处理。比较GRAPES模式的准单调半拉格朗日方案(QMSL)和高精度正定保形方案(PRM),分析模式的降水预报、形势预报,同时初步总结了两方案的优缺点。在参考LCSL(Linear Constraint Semi-Lagarangain)方案的基础上,改进QMSL方案,通过连续试验运行,表明新方案基本稳定可靠,对于降水预报、形势预报有一定的改进,在台风预报试验中也有良好的表现。     

气象遥感资料变分校准方案改进及应用试验

针对常见气象遥感资料变分校准方案的不足,提出了一个改进方案。该方案不需要将校准参照量插值到遥测资料的格点上,既避免了对稀疏的校正参照量进行客观分析的困难,也避免了校正参照量稀缺区域不准确插值分析带来的不利影响,使遥感资料的整体偏差得到修订的同时,能够更好地保持遥测资料的空间分布形态不变。利用国家卫星气象中心通过9210下发的ATOVS反演产品进行了试验,结果表明改进方案校准效果好;并将校准后的ATOVS反演资料用于Grapes三维变分同化系统,应用试验表明校准后的ATOVS反演资料在三维变分同化系统中具有应用价值。     

高产高效综放工作面端面顶板稳定性监测

通过对支架与围岩关系的研究,分析了支架与顶板的相互作用机理,得出支架支护阻力与端面顶板下沉量p–△ld具有类双曲线关系,这种类双曲线关系是高产高效综放工作面端面顶板稳定性控制的基础。根据高产高效综放工作面的开采特点提出了端面顶板监测控制的特点和要求,开发建立了在线监测体系,现场应用取得了良好的技术经济效益。