观测系统炮道密度退化对河道砂体和断层识别能力的影响——以GSM高密度三维观测系统在川中沙溪庙组勘探为例

为了分析观测系统炮道密度退化对目的层成像的影响,在保持偏移距和方位角分布规律前提下,对中国西部GSM地区高密度三维地震观测系统采用抽稀炮排、道距和炮距的方式使炮道密度退化,得到相同面元大小不同炮道密度A、B、C和D四套观测系统,对抽稀的资料进行分别处理,基于河道砂体叠置模式正演基础上,通过沿层提取相干和均方根等属性切片对川中侏罗统沙溪庙组河道砂体刻画和断层断距识别能力上进行实验对比,以指导后期针对该目的层的采集工程技术设计。通过分析得到以下认识:(1)针对大中型河道,观测系统A、B、C和D与高密度识别能力相当。(2)针对小型河道,观测系统A、B、C平面上能识别一部分小型河道,且随着炮道密度降低到一定程度,剖面河道亮点减弱,观测系统D在剖面上无法识别河道亮点。(3)高密度观测系统断层平面展布最为清晰,观测系统A、B、C和D断层平面展布大的地质规律与高密度数据相当,但细节上存在一定损失。(4)当川中沙溪庙组河道宽度约为55m,断层断距约为6m,薄砂体厚度约为6m时,可采用高密度观测系统;当其河道宽度大于74m,断层断距大于12,薄砂体厚度大于10m时,可采用A、B、C观测系统。     

浅谈滚珠轴承制造方法

近年来,随着我国的轴承工业的飞速发展,各种轴承的制造水平有了很大的提高。其中,滚珠轴承的制造方法一直是业内关注的焦点,滚珠轴承的技术水平和质量直接影响到主机的工作性能和质量。本文主要介绍了组成滚珠轴承零件的制造方法,并阐述了制造滚珠轴承中一些需要注意的问题,供同行参考。     

朝鲜的海涂资源与围海造田

根据中朝两院1983—1984年科学交流计划,中国科学院海岸带、海涂资源调查与综合利用考察组一行四人于1984年7月12日赴朝鲜进行了为期三周的访问,考察了朝鲜东海岸和西海岸,学习了朝鲜人民围海造田的宝贵经验。朝鲜的东海岸为基岩海岸,山地丘陵。全国森林覆盖率达80%以上,以松、栎、椴、     

施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii)性腺发育和生殖周期的研究

采用组织学方法对湛江市遂溪县草潭镇施氏獭蛤的性腺发育和繁殖规律进行了研究。结果表明,施氏獭蛤的性腺发育以1年为1个周期,可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期。雄性生殖细胞发生经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子等时期,精原细胞具有A型和B型两种类型。施氏獭蛤卵子的发生可分为卵原细胞期、生长初期、生长中期、生长后期和成熟期。较晚期的卵母细胞和成熟卵子的核仁变成双质核仁。流沙港海区施氏獭蛤性腺指数峰值出现在1月,为3.47%;该贝的繁殖期为10月—次年4月,繁殖期水温为16.2—26.5℃。雌、雄性腺发育基本同步,雄性发育略快,雌雄比为2:1。     

皱肋文蛤壳色与数量性状的相关性研究

皱肋文蛤(Meretrix lyrata)养殖群体存在壳色变异,为了解湛江市沿海地区皱肋文蛤多态性及其与数量性状的相关性,对其不同养殖群体壳色和生长相关性进行研究。结果表明,在10个不同的皱肋文蛤养殖群体共10 247个个体中,存在白色和红褐色2种壳色表型,白壳色、红褐壳色比率各占(91.15±1.83)%、(8.85±1.83)%;红褐壳色和白壳色个体之间在壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量、壳质量和软体部质量等几个数量性状上均无显著性差异(P0.05),但红褐壳色群体壳长、壳高及体质量变异系数要显著大于白壳色群体(P0.05),红褐壳色遗传多样性更高;大部分红壳色群体峰度值及偏度值大于白壳色,其大个体性状值离均值大于白壳色,与群体之间的分化更明显,对这些群体的红壳色大个体进行选育比白壳色将更有效;构建选育基础群体时,对变异系数大、峰度值高、偏度值大的群体应予以更多关注。     

中培期和养成期墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)新品系养殖密度的研究

于2011年10至2012年4月选择同一批次的墨西哥湾扇贝贝苗,采用大板笼和小板笼对该贝类进行中间培育和养成实验,研究了中培期和养成期不同养殖密度对该贝类生长和存活的影响,分析了养成期养殖密度与经济效益的关系。结果表明,在中培阶段,随着养殖密度的增加,壳高、体质量、壳高相对生长率、体质量相对生长率、日增壳高、日增体质量和存活率呈下降趋势,方差分析表明,养殖密度对墨西哥湾扇贝存活率、壳高、体质量及相关生长速度参数产生显著影响（P﹤0.05）。大板笼养殖密度180个/层时,壳高为30.93mm、存活率为91.00%,小板笼养殖密度120个/层时,壳高30.84mm、存活率91.40%,Duncan法多重比较分析显示,中培阶段大板笼适宜的养殖密度为180个/层,小板笼适宜的养殖密度为120个/层。在养成阶段,随着养殖密度的升高,存活率、出肉率、壳高、体质量及相关生长速度参数呈下降趋势,方差分析表明,养殖密度对墨西哥湾扇贝存活率、出肉率、壳高、体质量及相关生长速度参数产生显著影响（P﹤0.05）。大板笼养殖密度60个/层时,壳高42.81mm、存活率86.33%、出肉率16.75%,小板笼养殖密度50个/层时,壳高42.35mm、存活率84.21%、出肉率16.91%。养成期经济效益分析表明,随着扇贝养殖密度的升高,每500g肉柱的粒数呈逐渐递增趋势,而每粒肉柱的重量和肉柱的价格呈逐渐递减趋势,养殖笼单层产量、产值和收益均呈现峰值变化规律。大板笼养殖密度为60个/层时,产量、产值和收益均达最大值,分别为177.17g/层、5.03元/层和2.33元/层,小板笼养殖密度为50个/层时,产量、产值和收益均取得最大值,分别为153.15g/层、4.48元/层和2.27元/层。经多重比较不同养殖密度下扇贝生长、存活和生长速度的差异,以及综合分析养殖密度与经济效益的关系,提出养成期大板笼适宜的养殖密度为60个/层,小板笼适宜的养殖密度为50个/层。     

温度和铜离子浓度对近江牡蛎超氧化物岐化酶活力的联合效应

Superoxide dismutase(SOD) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme playing the first defense line in antioxidant pathways against reactive oxygen species in various organisms including marine invertebrates. There exist mainly two specific forms, Cu/Zn-SOD(SOD1) and Mn-SOD(SOD2), in eukaryotes. SODs are known to be concurrently modulated by a variety of environmental stressors. By using central composite experimental design and response surface method, the joint effects of water temperature(18–34°C) and copper ion concentration(0.1–1.5 mg/L) on the total SOD activity in the digestive gland of Crassostrea ariakensis were studied. The results showed that the linear effect of temperature was highly significant(P0.01), the quadratic effect of temperature was significant(P0.05); the linear effect of copper ion concentration was not significant(P0.05), while the quadratic effect of copper ion concentration was highly significant(P0.01); the interactive effect of temperature and copper ion concentration was not significant(P0.05); the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. The model equation of digestive gland SOD enzyme activity towards the two factors of interest was established, with R2 and predictive R2 as high as 0.961 6 and 0.820 7, respectively, suggesting that the goodness-offit to experimental data be very satisfactory, and could be applied to prediction of digestive gland SOD activity in C. ariakensis under the conditions of the experiment. Our results would be conducive to addressing the health of aquatic animals and/or to detecting environmental problems by taking SOD as a potential bioindicator.     

Combined effects of water temperature and copper ion concentration on catalase activity in Crassostrea ariakensis

A central composite experimental design and response surface method were used to investigate the combined effects of water temperature(18–34℃) and copper ion concentration(0.1–1.5 mg/L) on the catalase(CAT) activity in the digestive gland of C rassostrea ariakensis. The results showed that the linear effects of temperature were significant(P 0.01), the quadratic effects of temperature were significant( P 0.05), the linear effects of copper ion concentration were not significant(P 0.05), and the quadratic effects of copper ion concentration were significant(P 0.05). Additionally, the synergistic effects of temperature and copper ion concentration were not significant(P 0.05), and the effect of temperature was greater than that of copper ion concentration. A model equation of CAT enzyme activity in the digestive gland of C. ariakensis toward the two factors of interest was established, with R 2, Adj. R 2 and Pred. R 2 values as high as 0.943 7, 0.887 3 and 0.838 5, respectively. These findings suggested that the goodness of fit to experimental data and predictive capability of the model were satisfactory, and could be practically applied for prediction under the conditions of the study. Overall, the results suggest that the simultaneous variation of temperature and copper ion concentration alters the activity of the antioxidant enzyme CAT by modulating active oxygen species metabolism, which may be utilized as a biomarker to detect the effects of copper pollution.     

大别山北麓主要构造岩相带浅析—以信阳地区为例

原商城群、苏家河群、信阳群具有十发复杂的结构并包容多重变质变形事件，从区域地质填图角度分析，已具备构造－岩石（地层）单位的典型特片和划分标志，且与区域构造岩相带相对应。故原岩石－地层学涵义应予以废弃。新划分出的构造岩带或构造地层单位，将从构造变形、变质建造及构造年代学角度反映其地质演化过程及构造属性。     

体重和温度对马氏珠母贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用室内实验生态学方法对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。结果表明:在温度13～33℃范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均与体重呈负相关,可用Y=aW表示;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝-b的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降,而排氨率在此温度范围内则呈持续升高趋势;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝呼吸和排泄Q10值分别为1.51～2.71和1.03～2.73,且在该温度范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值范围为7.29～13.14。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。马氏珠母贝的日常代谢高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高40.8%和59.1%。