导致热带产卡拉胶海藻大规模死亡原因分析与藻株抗病差异性比较

2008年夏季东南亚地区栽培的产卡拉胶海藻麒麟菜类陆续发生冰样白化病害并造成大规模死亡.本文根据作者近年来的观测和实验数据探讨了产生该现象的环境因素,通过重演性实验验证和比较了不同株系抗病力差异.结果表明:1)不同海菜株系的抗病能力差异很大,从印度尼西亚引进株系比从菲律宾引进株系抗病能力强,其中株系5抗病能力最强,没有发生冰样白化病症:株系4、6和11的抗病能力次之,只在10%以下的藻株出现病害症状,日生长速率在7%以上的高水平:株系7、8和9号病害损伤程度是印度尼西亚引进株系中最为严重的,但比原产菲律宾海菜要轻.2)与往年同期气象数据相比,在病害发生期间光照时间短、强度弱、海水温度高、降雨量多、蒸发量少、海水盐度下降,上述变化明显不能满足热带产胶海藻生长所需要环境条件,导致了海菜生理状况和生长速率下降.3)从海湾内海菜发病分布和死亡程度上,越远离海湾口和偏离主航道、水浅流速小区域所栽培的海菜发病越早、死亡也越严重;相反,在靠近湾口与外海具有较好水交换和离航道近、水深流速大的区域,海菜发病相对较晚.4)重演实验证实,将海菜浸泡在盐度28的海水中2h,1天后部分株系就会出现冰样白化病症,3天后藻体软化而死亡;海菜浸泡在22盐度的海水2h,会导致更多株系的海菜发生严重的白化病害并死亡.上述结果表明,过多降雨所导致的海水盐度下降是诱发热带产胶海藻爆发大面积病害发生和死亡的主要原因.     

基于雷达干涉测量技术的意大利阿尔偌河盆地滑坡危险分析简介

以雷达干涉测量技术为主、辅以多光谱遥感和常规地面仪器监测技术，在意大利阿尔偌河盆地开展滑坡调查监测应用研究。雷达干涉测量技术的核心是置设大量的永久散射体的和对这些散射体的后向散射数据进行干涉处理。在试验区内，通过这种技术发现原已知滑坡的59％有重新活动迹象，并发现了一些新滑坡。这种技术监测滑坡位移的精度可达毫米级，为提高地质灾害预报预警提供了技术保证。     

土地复垦整理开发项目实施准备关系进展快慢和质量好坏

土地复垦整理开发项目实施准备工作是项目实施工作中的一个重要环节,是确保项目顺利实施的重要手段.项目实施准备工作的充分与否不仅关系到项目实施的进展快慢和质量好坏,更关系到项目的效益和社会影响.     

东菲律宾海柱样沉积物的磁性特征

对东菲律宾海帕里西维拉海盆西侧F090102柱样进行了系统的古地磁和岩石磁学研究,测量了天然剩磁倾角、磁化率、饱和等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁、X-T曲线等磁学参数,进行了磁性地层的划分对比,识别出松山反极性时内的贾拉米洛和奥都维正极性亚时。对磁学参数及其有关比值的研究发现,岩心磁性矿物以低矫顽力磁铁矿为主,可能含有一定的钛磁铁矿。磁性矿物主要是陆源碎屑成因,岩心底段受到海底火山作用的影响。根据磁学参数随深度的变化将岩心分为3段,各段反映了沉积环境和古气候的变化。     

城乡建设用地增减挂钩探索与思考

山西省作为国土资源部批准的城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点,挂钩工作在借鉴其他省的经验基础上处于探索开展阶段,泽州县作为试点县开展了增减挂钩项目申报.本文就在实践过程中遇到的问题和困惑提出来,并进行了探讨.     

Strain H<Subscript>2</Subscript>-419-4 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haematococcus pluvialis</Emphasis> induced by ethyl methanesulphonate and ultraviolet radiation

Two strains H2-410 and H2-419 were obtained from the chemically mutated survivors of wild Haematococcus pluvialis 2 by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Strains H2-410 and H2-419 showed a fast cell growth with 13% and 20% increase in biomass compared to wild type, respectively. Then H2-419-4, a fast cell growth and high astaxanthin accumulation strain, was obtained by exposing the strain H2-419 to ultraviolet radiation (UV) further. The total biomass, the astaxanthin content per cell, astaxanthin production of H2-419-4 showed 68%, 28%, and 120% increase compared to wild H. pluvialis 2, respectively. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) data showed also an obvious proportional variation of different carotenoid compositions in the extracts of H2-419-4 and the wild type, although no peak of carotenoids appeared or disappeared. Therefore, the main compositions in strain H2-419-4, like its wild one, were free of astaxanthin, monoester, and diester of astaxanthin. The asexual reproduction in survivors after exposed to UV was not synchronous, and different from the normal synchronous asexual reproduction as the mother cells were motile instead of non-motile. Interestingly, some survivors from UV irradiation produced many mini-spores (or gamete?), the spores moved away from the mother cell gradually 4 or 5 days later. This is quite similar to sexual reproduction described by Elliot in 1934. However, whether this was sexual reproduction remains questionable, as no mating process has been observed.     

De-eutrophication of effluent wastewater from fish aquaculture by using marine green alga Ulva pertusa

The de-eutrophication abilities and characteristics of Ulva pertusa, a marine green alga, were investigated in Qingdao Yihai Hatchery Center from spring to summer in 2005 by analyzing the dynamic changes in NH ₄ ⁺ , NO ₃ ^? , NO ₂ ^? as well as the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The results show that the effluent wastewater produced by fish aquaculture had typical eutrophication levels with an average of 34.3 μmol L^?1 DIN. This level far exceeded the level IV quality of the national seawater standard and could easily lead to phytoplankton blooms in nature if discarded with no treatment. The de-eutrophication abilities of U. pertusa varied greatly and depended mainly on the original eutrophic level the U. pertusa material was derived from. U. pertusa used to living in low DIN conditions had poor DIN removal abilities, while materials cultured in DIN-enriched seawater showed strong de-eutrophication abilities. In other words, the de-eutrophication ability of U. pertusa was evidently induced by high DIN levels. The de-eutrophication capacity of U. pertusa seemed to also be light dependent, because it was weaker in darkness than under illumination. However, no further improvement in the de-eutrophication capacity of U. pertusa was observed once the light intensity exceeded 300 μmol M² S^?1. Results of semi-continuous wastewater replacement experiments showed that U. pertusa permanently absorbed nutrients from eutrophicated wastewater at a mean rate of 299 mg/kg fresh weight per day (126 mg/kg DIN during the night, 173 mg/kg in daytime). Based on the above results, engineered de-eutrophication of wastewater by using a U. pertusa filter system seems feasible. The algal quantity required to purify all the eutrophicated outflow wastewater from the Qingdao Yihai Hatchery Center into oligotrophic level I clean seawater was also estimated using the daily discharged wastewater, the average DIN concentration released and the de-eutrophication capacity of U. pertusa.     

考古遥感研究综述

遥感技术在众多领域取得了丰硕的成果,在考古研究中也有广泛的应用。以多个应用实例为前提,介绍航空遥感与航天遥感技术在考古研究中的应用情况,并且对考古遥感技术的特点、方法与应用前景等进行分析。     

基于排放源的中国城市垃圾填埋场甲烷排放研究

利用全国垃圾填埋场的点源数据,基于实际调研和实验室分析建立中国不同区域、不同规模、不同填埋时间的排放因子矩阵,采用IPCC推荐的一级降解动力学（FOD）方法自下而上地核算了中国2107个垃圾填埋场在2007年的甲烷（CH₄）排放量。针对不同区域和类型的填埋场,分别就城市垃圾组分、可降解有机碳、CH₄修正因子、CH₄氧化系数、填埋场CH₄收集率等进行了深入研究。结果显示,中国2007年填埋场CH₄排放量为118.61万t,与《中华人民共和国气候变化第二次国家信息通报》2005年填埋场排放量（220万t）差异较大,其主要原因是城市垃圾填埋场统计数据的差异,例如填埋场个数及垃圾填埋量。中国绝大部分填埋场CH₄年排放量在700 t以下,超过1000 t的有279个,超过1万t的仅10个。江苏省的CH₄排放量最高,达到9.87万t;西藏的排放量最小,仅为0.21万t。东部江苏、广东、浙江等省的整体排放量较高,西部地区西藏、宁夏、青海等地的排放水平较低。     

ISO9000质量管理体系在测绘企业中的推广与应用

一、ISO9000质量管理体系及应用现状 ISO9000质量管理体系是国际化标准组织（ISO）颁发的国际标准，旨在向全世界推荐一套实用的管理方法和管理模式，推动质量管理，提高产品质量，增进顾客满意，促进企业效益不断增长。该标准在工业领域已得到广泛推广应用，但在测绘行业，2000年以后才开始在国家大型测绘单位推行。