生态补偿标准的确定——最小数据法及其在民勤的应用

生态补偿标准时生态补偿的研究和有效实施过程中的核心问题之一.通过分析当前主要的补偿标准确定,指出其方法存在的不足.介绍了一种新的计算生态补偿标准的方法——最小数据法.该方法基于补偿对象的微观决策机制,考虑个体间的差异,模拟其经济行为,从而确定在特定生态恢复目标下的生态补偿补偿标准.利用最小数据方法,选择民勤为研究区域,分析了为实现区域水资源合理利用和分水目标下的生态补偿标准.结果表明:为实现生态补偿的目标,民勤需对退耕耕地采用的补偿标准为6327元·hm-2·a-1,这一标准低于当地耕地的平均收益,说明采用最小数据法确定补偿标准能提高生态补偿资金的使用效率.     

菲律宾矿业权申请法规简介

菲律宾共和国是我国近邻,矿产资源丰富,吸引了中国众多矿业投资者。矿业权是矿业投资开发的基础。本文对菲律宾矿业权申请的范围、类型、所需材料、审批机构、审批程序及费用等方面进行了介绍。笔者认为,菲律宾矿业权申请必须经原住民同意,且审批程序繁琐,比国内困难。     

Intercomparison of NO_x, SO_2, O_3, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Measured by a Commercial DOAS System and Traditional Point Monitoring Techniques

A field-based Intercomparison study of a commercial Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument (OPSIS AB, Sweden) and different point-sample monitoring techniques (PM, based on an air monitoring station, an air monitoring vehicle, and various chemical methods) was conducted in Beijing from October 1999 to January 2000. The mixing ratios of six trace gases including NO, NO2, SO2, O3, benzene, and toluene were monitored continuously during the four months. A good agreement between the DOAS and PM data was found for NO2 and SO2. However, the concentrations of benzene, toluene, and NO obtained by DOAS were significantly lower than those measured by the point monitors. The ozone levels monitored by the DOAS were generally higher than those measured by point monitors. These results may be attributed to a strong vertical gradient of the NO-O3-NO2 system and of the aromatics at the measurement site. Since the exact data evaluation algorithm is not revealed by the manufacturer of the DOAS sys     

三明市前汛期地质灾害与强降水的关系及其预报

对1991－2003年前汛期(3－6月)三明市所属11个县（市）所发生的地质灾害进行了统计分析,揭示了三明市地质灾害的时空分布特征;分析地质灾害与前期降水的关系,发现地质灾害发生数量、规模与持续降水过程、暴雨量等的关系十分密切;三明市地质灾害多发生在前汛期,占全年地质灾害总数的89％,并主要集中在4月下旬至6月中旬（占...     

生态补偿的研究进展及其启示

生态系统服务付费是以保护和可持续利用生态系统服务为目的,以经济手段为主调节相关者利益关系的制度安排,是以保护生态环境、促进人与自然和谐发展为目的,根据生态系统服务价值、生态保护成本、发展机会成本,运用政府和市场手段,调节生态保护利益相关者之间利益关系的公共制度.在对国内外生态补偿的概念、内涵和基本问题等理论阐述的基础上...     

热带产卡拉胶海藻形态及表皮特征比较

2008年6月至2009年6月,在山东青岛实验室和海南陵水试验平台,以光学显微镜及电子扫描显微镜等技术,对12种原产印度尼西亚和菲律宾热带产胶红藻外观形态,表皮细胞特征进行了比较。结果表明：1）不同株系藻体呈现褐色、绿色、黄绿色、翡翠绿色、橄榄绿色和咖啡色等多样性;2）在表皮细胞特性方面,5号株系细胞最小、排列最致密、...     

内蒙古阿尔山——柴河地区陆下岩石圈地幔性质研究——第四纪碱性玄武岩中橄榄岩捕掳体中单斜辉石微量元素证据

阿尔山—柴河第四纪碱性玄武岩中地幔捕掳体为尖晶石相的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩,方辉橄榄岩数量略多于二辉橄榄岩。采用激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA--ICP--MS)对研究区地幔橄榄岩中的单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物进行了成分分析,结合橄榄岩包体的岩相学、岩石化学的特征,重点探讨了研究区所经历的部分熔融作用和地幔交代作用。结果显示,少数样品的熔融程度5%,大多数样品熔融程度范围为10%~20%,研究区陆下岩石圈地幔性质以难熔、亏损为主要特征。同时也经历了复杂的交代作用改造,交代介质为富挥发组分的硅酸盐熔/流体。与华北克拉通东北缘陆下岩石圈地幔比较,推测研究区遭受破坏和改造的程度较小,并保留有相当量的古老地幔残余。     

DYNAMIC CHANGES OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND ASTAXANTI—IIN ACCUMULATION IN HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS

This study on dynamic changes of culture color,astaxanthin and chlorophylls,inorganic N including N-NO3^-,N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ in batch culture of Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to different additive nitrate concentration showed(1)ast/chl ratio was over 0.8 for brown and red algae,but was usually less than 0.5 for green and yellow algae;(2)N-NO3^-,in general,was unstable and decreased,except for a small unexpected increase in nitrate enriched treatment groups;(3)measurable amounts of N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ were observed respectively with three change modes although no extemal nitrite and ammonia were added into the culture;(4)a non-linear correlation between ast/chl ratio(or color)changes and the levels of N-NO3^-,N-NO2^-,N-NH4^ in H.pluvialis culture;(5)up and down variation of the ast/chl ratio occurred simultaneously with a perceptible color change from yellow to brown(or red)when N-NO3^-,N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ fluctuated around 30,5,5μmol/L respectively;(6)existence of three dynamic modes of N-NO3^-,N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ changes,obviously associated with initial extemal nitrate;(7)the key level of total inorganic N concentration regulating the above physiological changes during indoor cultivation was about 50 μmol/L;and(8)0.5-10mmol/L of nitrate was theoretically conducive to cell growth in batch culture.     

FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN A HIGH CELL DENSITY CULTURE OF ARACHIDONIC ACID-RICH PARIETOCHLORIS INCISA (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE,CHLOROPHYTA) EXPOSED TO HIGH PFD

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｏｍｅω3ａｎｄω6ｌｏｎｇ ｃｈａｉｎｅｄｐｏｌｙｕｎｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｆａｔｔｙａｃｉｄｓ (ＰＵＦＡｓ)ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｉｎｈｕｍａｎｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｅｆｆｅｃｔｓａｎｄｒｏｌｅｓｉｎｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｃｅｌｌｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｓｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ,ｆｌｕｉｄｉｔｙａｎｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ .ＡｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｓｅＰＵＦＡｓ,ａｒａｃｈｉｄｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＡＡ ,2 0…     

川藏铁路千米级水平孔绳索取心钻进技术与应用北大核心CSCD

川藏铁路地处青藏高原东部高山峡谷地区,传统垂直钻孔勘探难以满足工程沿线深埋大隧道的勘探需求,采用水平孔取心钻进可以很好地解决这个问题。通过优选钻进设备与工具,制定合理的钻进工艺与泥浆技术措施,形成了一种千米级水平孔绳索取心钻进技术,成功应用于川藏铁路卡子拉山一号隧道水平孔,完成了1212 m水平绳索取心定向钻孔施工任务,查明陡倾岩层3条断层和19处节理破碎带,全孔平均岩心采取率高达97.76%,钻孔各项指标优良。实践证明,千米级水平孔绳索取心钻进技术能够满足川藏铁路深埋大隧道的勘探需求,直观查明隧道洞身段地层岩性、陡倾岩层构造、水文地质条件等情况,为铁路勘查设计提供地质支撑。