常德市规划区湿地地质环境特征及保护建议

常德市作为全球首批“国际湿地城市”,也是我国首批海绵城市建设试点城市,其湿地保护与修复工作取得了举世瞩目的成就,为全国提供了城市湿地、水系生态修复的成功经验。通过对常德市规划区内花山河湿地、枉水湿地和盘塘湖湿地地层结构、含水层特征、地下水位变化、沅江及柳叶湖地表水位长期监测数据的综合分析,剖析了湿地地下水与沅江、柳叶湖等地表水交互关系,针对各湿地提出了相应的调整建议和保护建议,研究认为：常德市湿地地表水与地下水之间的水量交换和水质变化情况直接影响湿地生态系统的保护;地表水—地下水的相互转化程度主要体现在时间和空间上,影响湿地水文周期的主要因素有气候变化、地表水径流的变化、地下水位变化、地下水开采情况和湿地补水、排水情况变化。加强对区内地表水-地下水相互转化关系的深入研究,可为科学合理保护常德市规划区湿地生态系统和洞庭湖区湿地保护修复提供科学依据。     

Multi-Year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC） Part Ⅱ： The Experimental Seasonal Prediction

A nested regional climate model has been experimentally used in the seasonal prediction at the China National Climate Center (NCC) since 2001. The NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM (CGCM) provides the boundary and initial conditions for driving the regional climate model (RegCM NCC). The latter has a 60-km horizontal resolution and improved physical parameterization schemes including the mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme, the turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (TKE) and an improved land process model (LPM). The large-scale terrain features such as the Tibetan Plateau are included in the larger domain to produce the topographic forcing on the rain-producing systems. A sensitivity study of the East Asian climate with regard to the above physical processes has been presented in the first part of the present paper. This is the second part, as a continuation of Part I. In order to verify the performance of the nested regional climate model, a ten-year simulation driven by NCEP reanalysis datasets has been made to explore the performance of the East Asian climate simulation and to identify the model’s systematic errors. At the same time, comparative simulation experiments for 5 years between the RegCM2 and RegCM NCC have been done to further understand their differences in simulation performance. Also, a ten-year hindcast (1991–2000) for summer (June–August), the rainy season in China, has been undertaken. The preliminary results have shown that the RegCM NCC is capable of predicting the major seasonal rain belts. The best predicted regions with high anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) are located in the eastern part of West China, in Northeast China and in North China, where the CGCM has maximum prediction skill as well. This fact may reflect the importance of the largescale forcing. One significant improvement of the prediction derived from RegCM NCC is the increase of ACC in the Yangtze River valley where the CGCM has a very low, even a negative, ACC. The reason behind this improvement is likely to be related to the more realistic representation of the large-scale terrain features of the Tibetan Plateau. Presumably, many rain-producing systems may be generated over or near the Tibetan Plateau and may then move eastward along the Yangtze River basin steered by upper-level westerly airflow, thus leading to enhancement of rainfalls in the mid and lower basins of the Yangtze River. The real-time experimental predictions for summer in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 by using this nested RegCM NCC were made. The results are basically reasonable compared with the observations.     

大庆遥测地震台网网内微震定位方法研究

为了实验对大庆遥测地震台网内事件的精确定位,分析了台网的实际情况,建立了 网内Ｐ波速度模型,并根据该模型编制出相应的初至Ｐ波走时表。     

长白山天池火山地震观测与应力状态的初步研究

１９９７年６～９月在长白山天池火山区布设了数字化流动地震观测台网,对长白山火山地震活动进行了近震源观测,获取了大量与火山活动相关的地震信息。通过本次观测及资料处理,对长白山火山地震及其所反映出的应力状态有了一定的认识,为长白山火山活动研究提供了科学依据。     

华北近代成串强震发生过程的探讨

本文从大面积的华北整体出发, 探讨了成串大地震发生过程中的某些规律.根据一些地震观测资料, 就历年来的小地震频度, b值随时间的变化, 小地震活动的空间分布, 震群活动, 小地震的初动方向的变化等五个方面探讨各次强震发生与它们的关系.      

西藏班戈县冈瓦纳相冰碛岩的发现及其对北拉萨地块构造演化的启示——来自1∶50000专题地质调查的新证据

【研究目的】拉萨地块作为构成青藏高原的最主要陆块之一,其构造格局的划分对深入理解特提斯洋的时空分布格局具有重要科学意义。一般来说,拉萨地块可进一步划分为北拉萨、中拉萨和南拉萨地块,但关于各地块基底属性、漂移历史、增生过程及构造亲缘性等仍不明确。【研究方法】本文报道了笔者等在北拉萨地块北拉地区开展1∶50000专题地质调查期间,在原划定的中—上侏罗统拉贡塘组中发现了大面积出露的典型冰碛岩与震积岩。【研究结果】它们与中拉萨地块申扎地区的上石炭统—下二叠统拉嘎组可对比,是冈瓦纳大陆北缘晚古生代冰期事件的记录。冰碛岩中可见明显冰筏作用形成的冰海相砾石稀散分布在砂质、粉砂质和泥质基质中,具坠石构造。震积岩以震褶岩和震裂岩为主,发育微褶皱、砂（泥）岩脉、同震节理、内碎屑副角砾岩、阶梯状断层和火焰构造等同生或准生地震沉积记录。【结论】北拉地区拉嘎组冰碛岩的发现表明,北拉萨地块与中拉萨地块具有类似的基底,它可能是在陆壳基础上逐渐形成的增生型微陆块,其形成与班公湖—怒江洋的俯冲消减密切相关,这为深入理解北拉萨地块的构造属性提供了关键证据。     

青藏高原羌塘中部中—上奥陶统达瓦山组的建立及意义

首次在藏北羌塘中部达瓦山地区识别出一套复理石沉积,厚度大于3000m,未见顶底,岩石组合以变质砂岩、杂砂岩和千枚岩为主,夹双峰式火山岩,火山岩岩性为流纹岩和玄武岩。用LA-ICP-MS同位素测定技术对流纹岩夹层中的锆石进行了U-Pb同位素测定,获得锆石的年龄为454.0±2.0Ma和458.3±1.8Ma,时代为中晚奥陶世达瑞威尔—桑比期,代表了达瓦山组的主体形成时代。在剖面测制和区域对比的基础上建立了中—上奥陶统达瓦山组,代表冈瓦纳大陆北缘中—晚奥陶世裂谷型深水-半深水复理石沉积。中—上奥陶统达瓦山组的发现和建立完善了该区中晚奥陶世的地层系统,进一步确定该区中—晚奥陶世洋盆的存在,对冈瓦纳大陆北缘中—晚奥陶世岩相古地理研究具有重要意义。     

地面气象资料一体化统计加工系统设计与实现

地面气象资料一体化统计加工系统是基于国省统一的CIMISS数据环境,准实时生成日、候、旬、月、年值等统计产品的业务系统,能够满足用户对准实时质控后地面气象资料统计值的业务需求。本文主要介绍地面气象资料实时历史一体化统计加工系统的开发,从软件的需求分析、统计方法、功能实现、关键技术等方面阐述了如何在技术上实现地面气象资料一体化统计加工系统。通过运行策略配置,实现了系统定时自动运行,进一步丰富了CIMISS系统地面气象资料的产品库。     

CIMISS中气象观测资料处理入库效率优化方法

气象资料种类多、海量、格式多样复杂,造成综合气象信息共享系统(CIMISS)巨大的处理压力。以高空L波段数据作为个例,进行详细的分析,在数据库表设计上,通过"键-要素"的拆分方式减少数据库冗余,建立合理的索引和分区提高数据表访问效率。在处理流程方面,通过简约化流程减少系统间消息交互和IO,从而优化系统的存储效率。同时简约流程中对比PRO*C和OCI两种入库方式,PRO*C简单高效便于开发,而OCI功能全面但相对复杂,通过比较两种入库方式的效率,系统采用PRO*C方式。高空L波段数据实际运行效果表明,平均28s完成一份数据的处理。对比高空探测数据的处理,简约流程比原流程入库更快。