东帝汶海槽断裂特征与构造演化模式

东帝汶海槽位于澳大利亚板块西北帝汶海与帝汶岛之间,晚中新世澳大利亚板块与东南亚班达岛弧碰撞引发了帝汶岛与帝汶海槽的构造变形,由于弧-陆碰撞过程的复杂性,帝汶海槽的变形时间与机制仍然存在较大争议.为约束帝汶海槽变形时间、探讨其演化过程,依据二维地震数据,对东帝汶海槽的断裂特征进行定量分析,并结合钻井与天然地震事件探讨弧-...     

新型泥石流柔性防护体系冲击动力响应分析

为了减轻泥石流大石块造成的灾害,提出了新型泥石流柔性防护体系。考虑不同加载工况,运用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对防护体系进行抗泥石流中大石块冲击的数值模拟,研究了冲击物质量、速度,柔性防护体系的钢筋直径、网格尺寸对防护体系动力性能的影响。结果表明:冲击物质量或速度增加,体系的冲击力明显增大,总能量增加且转化为内能效率增大,冲击处位移明显增大。加大钢筋的直径后冲击力增加,体系不失效情况下内能转化率减小,位移减小;随着网格尺寸增大,冲击力减小,而内能转化率略微增大,冲击点处位移明显增大。因此建议在实际应用中应合理设计拉索直径及网格间距。     

唐山地区跨断层流动形变监测场地优选

针对隐伏断裂的特点,在前人研究成果的基础上,充分利用唐山活动断层探测成果,进行野外调查;依据相关规范,结合环境条件、自然条件,对6个场地进行了综合分析,优选出适宜于跨断层流动形变监测的场地。     

浅层人工地震探测揭示的夏垫断裂西南段特征

浅层人工地震方法是针对厚覆盖区探测断裂的一种不可替代的技术。为查明夏垫断裂西南段的空间位置、性质及其活动性,2016年底对跨夏垫断裂西南段进行了高分辨率的浅层人工地震探测,获得三条480 m深度范围内地下结构图像的地震剖面,揭示了夏垫断裂西南段的形态\,特征以及空间位置。     

基坑开挖过程中埋地管线沉降位移解析计算

基坑开挖会诱发邻近埋地管线产生沉降变形,获取管线变形量对评估管线的正常使用和安全具有重要意义。基于弹性地基梁理论,建立地下管线沉降位移的计算公式,并分析地表中心沉降量和计算长度对管线沉降位移的影响;根据埋地管线与基坑边缘的几何关系,将计算长度取值依据界定为5种工况;通过与两个标定算例对比,验证解析方法的合理性;以北京某基坑工程为例,分析管线沉降位移的时空变化规律。研究结果表明：不同时期的沉降位移计算值和实测值变化趋势一致,但计算值略高于实测值;地表中心沉降量对管线沉降位移影响显著,输入值越大,沉降曲线形状越“凹”,输入值越小,沉降曲线越平缓;管线沉降位移自中心点向两端降低速率依次增加,在边界点附近降低速率减小,范围约为计算长度的1/10。所提方法在管线沉降预估方面偏于保守,是现有埋地管线沉降理论的一个补充,可为施工前期预判管线沉降分布提供重要参考依据。     

地表基质钻探取样技术方法与应用研究

地表基质取样是开展地表基质层调查必不可少的工作环节,笔者等在浅地表层钻探技术的基础上,结合浅覆盖区矿产勘查、地球化学勘查、区域地质填图、环境调查、工程勘查、考古调查等领域钻探技术应用现状,根据不同地表景观及基质类型条件下的钻探取样需求,梳理了岩石、砾质、土质、泥质等地表基质钻探取样技术要点,研发了电动背包式钻机、Ф60/40mm单管冲击钻进、Ф50mm双管冲击钻进、Ф208mm中空螺旋钻进等取样器具及配套钻进工艺,在北京、内蒙古巴彦淖尔、浙江宁波、西藏那曲等地区开展了野外试验应用,通过获取满足要求的样品,很好的揭示了地层信息及物质组成,进一步在实践中提出了不同种类地表基质钻探取样技术方法,为建立自然资源调查监测体系及地表基质层调查工作提供钻探技术支撑。     

Wind tunnel experimental study on shed tunnels to prevent and control blowing snow on highways北大核心CSCD

There is a severe phenomenon of blowing snow by wind in winter in Mayitas area of Xinjiang. Road traffic interruptions and casualties caused by wind and snow disasters often occur. The existing engineering measures can alleviate the problems of low visibility and problems with accumulating snow on pavement caused by wind and snow to a certain extent, but cannot completely eliminate the impact. Aiming at the problem that the blowing snow disaster difficult to be completely cured under strong wind conditions, a shed tunnel engineering treatment scheme is proposed, and a wind tunnel simulation experiment is carried out on the shed tunnel form and snow prevention scheme at the entrance of the tunnel. The wind tunnel experimental section is 8 m long, 1. 3 m horizontally wide and 1 m high. The shed tunnel model is made by 1:60 scale 3D printing method, the snow barrier model is made of wooden strips, and the simulation medium is made of fine sand, refined salt and sawdust. Firstly, three kinds of shed structures, including fully enclosed, overhanging and ventilated, were simulated under the condition of 90° wind direction, and compared with the form of blowing snow stacking. Three parameters for similarity were used:density, particle size and stacking shape. The similarity is determined by weighted Euclidean distance between simulation medium and blowing snow, the similarity of the slump angle of the predecessors is verified, and the most suitable medium for simulating blowing snow is deduced. According to the experimental results, combined with the actual situation of wind blowing and snow disasters in Mayitas, flow field of the closed shed tunnel by a wind direction angle of 30° has been separately conducted with or without protective measures. The results show that when the wind tunnel stacking experiment is used to study the deposition state of blowing snow under non-low temperature conditions, the sawdust has good similarity with the blowing snow in the process of wind and snow movement. A large amount of medium was poured into the ventilated shed during the experiment, which proved that its anti-wind and snow performance was not ideal. By contrast, the closed shed and the overhanging shed have better wind and snow prevention effects. The snow barrier has a good blowing snow inhibition function at the entrance. From the stacking experiment, in the comparison with and without snow barrier, volume of the medium in the shed is very different, which proves that the snow barrier can effectively prevent the blowing snow from entering the shed. Among them, the difference in wind speed inside and outside the shed is obvious, which proves that snow barrier can significantly reduce the wind speed outside the shed and has the function of inhibiting the formation of weak wind areas inside the shed. The study has confirmed that the shed tunnel project with suitable snow barrier layout plan for tunnel entrance protection is an effective means to control wind and snow disasters. For highway traffic in Xinjiang, it is a feasible solution to use shed tunnel engineering to control blowing snow disasters. After dealing with the snow deposition at the entrance of shed tunnel, the shed tunnel engineering form of low-cost environment integration and the vehicle operation safety guarantee measures of long-distance shed tunnel are the problems that need to be solved in the future. © 2022 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. All rights reserved.     

铜仁市植被NPP时空演变及驱动因素分析

【目的】分析铜仁市植被NPP时空演变及驱动因素,可为当地生态环境治理措施的制定提供参考依据。【方法】采用遥感影像、气象和土地利用等数据,结合变异系数、赫斯特指数、相关性分析和地理探测器等方法,分析2000—2022年铜仁市植被NPP时空演变及未来变化趋势,并探讨气候变化影响及主要驱动因素。【结果】近23a铜仁市植被NPP整体呈波动上升趋势和明显的空间分异性,均值为752.78gC·m-2·a-1,整体上呈现西高东低。铜仁市植被NPP呈增长趋势且非常稳定,增长面积占比为85.44%,变异系数均值为0.08;未来变化趋势主要呈弱反持续特征,面积占比为81.33%。铜仁市植被NPP与气温、降水均呈正相关关系（通过0.05信度检验）,其中气温是影响植被NPP的主要气候因素。自然因素对植被NPP的影响大于人为因素,其中气温、高程和降水是铜仁市植被NPP的主导驱动因素,降水和人口、GDP、高程的交互作用最强。【结论】铜仁市植被NPP总体处于良好水平且上升趋势,但未来发展趋势不容乐观,应综合考虑气候、地形和人类活动等因素,统筹推进生态环境保护和社会经济发展。     

赤道印度洋偶极子对重庆夏季降水的影响分析

利用重庆34个气象台站1961—2017年夏季降水量、NCEP/NCAR的再分析月平均高度场资料和海面温度资料,分析发现,上年秋季尤其是11月的赤道（热带）印度洋偶极子（tropical Indian Ocean dipole, TIOD）模态与重庆夏季降水存在正相关关系。通过前期海面温度对大气环流的影响分析,结果表明：上年11月TIOD和夏季500 hPa高度场的相关与重庆夏季降水和高度场的相关一致,显示出从高纬度到低纬度“+、-、+”的相关分布,反映出当上年11月TIOD正位相（负位相）时,次年夏季环流场表现出乌拉尔山阻塞高压明显（不明显）、中纬度30°～37°N低值系统活跃（不活跃）,西太平洋副热带高压偏强（弱）、位置偏南（北）的重庆夏季典型的降水偏多环流特征;前期赤道太平洋ENSO暖事件和前期TIOD事件同时发生时,两个事件的作用相互叠加,使得西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸并且位置偏南,造成重庆夏季降水的异常偏多。     

中国西部走滑型活动断裂的地震破裂参数与震级的经验关系

为建立中国西部走滑型活动断裂的滑动速率、破裂参数与震级之间的经验关系,系统搜集和整理了中国西部地区30个大地震的震级以及发震断裂(段)的活动参数和破裂参数资料,包括断裂(段)长度、滑动速率、最大位错等及其不确定性.为考虑各种参数的不确定性,采用蒙特卡罗( MonteCarlo)方法,对各种参数进行最小二乘法回归分析,给...