THE SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT RAIN DAYS AND LOW CLOUD COVER UNDER HEAVY POLLUTION OVER SOUTH CHINA

By using the data set of light rain days and low cloud cover at 51 stations in South China (SC), and the method of linear regression and correlative analysis, we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the light rain days and low cloud cover including annual variation and long-term seasonal change. The results are as follows: (1) The trends of light rain days and low cloud cover over SC are opposite (light rain days tended to decrease and low cloud cover tended to increase in the past 46 years). The value distributed in east is higher than that in west, and coastal area higher than inland area. (2) The regression coefficients of light rain days and low cloud cover during 1960–2005 are 4.88 d/10 years and 1.14%/10 years respectively, which had all passed the 0.001 significance level. (3) Variations of light rain days are relatively small in spring and summer, but their contributions are larger for annual value than that of autumn and winter. (4) There are two regions with large values of aerosol optical depth (AOD), which distribute in central and southern Guangxi and Pearl River Delta (PRD) of Guangdong, and the value of AOD in PRD is up to 0.7. The aerosol index distributed in coastal area is higher than in the inland area, which is similar to the light rain days and low cloud cover over SC. Aerosol indexes in SC kept increasing with fluctuation during the past 27 years. The GDP of the three provinces in SC increased obviously during the past 28 years, especially in Guangdong, which exhibited that there is simultaneous correlation between light rain days with the variables of low cloud cover and release of aerosols over SC during 1960 to 2005.     

地理国情与基础地理信息数据同步更新外业调绘系统的构建

利用全新的外业数据调绘理念,在地图数据缓存切片技术、GPS定位技术及手持移动终端等技术设备基础上构建了地理国情与基础地理信息数据同步更新外业调绘系统,实现野外作业时,同一地物要素只需补测一次即可完成地理国情与基础地理信息数据的外业调绘工作,避免了重复外业采集生产,有利于降低地理国情与基础地理信息数据的更新成本。     

Relationship between trawl selectivity and fish body size in a simulated population

Trawl is a main fishing gear in Chinese fishery,capturing large fish and letting small ones at large.However,long-term use of trawl would result in changes of phenotypic traits of the fish stocks,such as smaller size-at-age and earlier age-at-maturation.In this study,we simulated a fish population with size characteristics of trawl fishing and the population produces one generation of offspring and lives for one year,used trawl to exploit the simulated fish population,and captured individuals by body size.We evaluated the impact of the changes on selectivity parameters,such as selective range and the length at 50% retention.Under fishing pressure,we specified the selectivity parameters,and determined that smaller selection rates and greater length at 50% retention were associated with an increased tendency towards miniaturization.     

基于移动智能终端的外业调绘系统研究及实现

本文总结了传统外业调绘和数字调绘的优劣点,分析了进行外业数字调绘尝试的必要性,详细介绍了基于1：50000DLG数据更新工程开发的外业数字判调系统的功能构成及关键技术。相对于传统外业调绘,该系统减少了数据更新的内外业工作量,提高了工作效率,并且保障了数据的质量。     

电解盐水杀菌技术在庄大污水处理站的研究应用

次氯酸钠作为消毒剂已在很多行业得到了广泛应用,作为油田污水处理用杀菌剂进行工业性试验还属首次。介绍了电解盐水现场产生次氯酸钠直接用于油田污水杀菌处理的技术原理、特点以及在大港油田庄大污水处理站的应用效果。并对次氯酸钠杀菌的加入浓度,以及对注水设备的腐蚀性进行了研究试验,结果表明次氯酸钠杀菌有很好的连续性,虽然杀菌后的污水腐蚀速率略有增加,但使用是安全的。     

八角形FPSO与穿梭油轮串靠外输中碰撞风险分析

针对300 m作业水深下的八角形FPSO,提出采用穿梭油轮串靠的外输作业方案,研究外输过程中穿梭油轮与FPSO之间由于过分纵荡运动而引起的碰撞风险发生概率。建立由八角形FPSO及其系泊系统、穿梭油轮、系泊大缆等组成的浮式多体系统分析模型,在外输海况条件下,得到穿梭油轮与FPSO间距的时历曲线,结合极值理论,对过分纵荡运动进行预报,进而对外输系统的碰撞风险进行分析;揭示海流的方向变化对于外输系统碰撞风险的影响规律。     

高斯束线性正演模拟方法研究

Born近似描述了介质扰动引起的一次散射现象,是线性化地震反演的重要基础.笔者基于Born近似,利用高斯束传播算子表征格林函数,推导得到基于地下慢度扰动的一次反射波场理论公式,称这种反射波场的模拟为高斯束线性正演.在编程实现方法的基础上,通过对绕射体模型、复杂砂砾岩体模型以及起伏地表模型进行数值模拟,并对模拟产生的多炮记录进行偏移试验,结果表明:①高斯束线性正演能够准确地模拟出不含直达波和多次波的一次反射波信息;②对高斯束线性正演产生的多炮记录进行偏移能够恢复模型构造特征;③高斯束线性正演易于实现面向目标的数值模拟.     

基于瓦斯防治工程的隐伏构造勘查与瓦斯异常区域预测

隐伏构造勘查与瓦斯异常区域预测研究是瓦斯灾害防治工程的基础。根据中国煤矿生产法律规章,开采具有瓦斯灾害危险的煤层前,必须实施瓦斯抽放工程。通常,地质异常区域即是瓦斯灾害危险区,构造应力场和采动应力场的叠加会扰动煤体并加压瓦斯。为精准定位地质异常区,评价其瓦斯致灾潜能,提出了一种基于瓦斯抽采工程进行瓦斯异常区域勘测的研究方法。该方法利用抽采钻孔参数和施工记录,采集钻孔数据并计算煤层顶底板控制点坐标,进而利用二维投影图件及三维应力场模型对隐伏地质构造（如小的断层、褶曲、局部煤厚异常变化等）进行勘查和预测;通过分析小型地质构造周围的附加应力场,并对瓦斯致灾潜能进行动态预测。应用该方法,可以对地质异常区进行精细调查,揭示采煤工作面瓦斯地质演化的一般规律。其研究结果为高瓦斯或突出煤层瓦斯灾害防治措施优化设计及有效实施提供科学依据。