厄尔尼诺现象和闽浙沿岸夏季表层盐度值的变异

一、引言近年来,笔者曾探讨过厄尔尼诺现象和在闽南—台湾浅滩渔场上升流演变的关系,发现了在厄尔尼诺年夏季(除了次级厄尔尼诺年如1969年和厄尔尼诺年如1965,1966年8—9月外),在东山站出现表层盐度(按月平均值)较低。众所周知,厄尔尼诺现象是一种非周期性,全球性的海—气异常现象,不会仅局限于某一站水文要素异常的变化,也许还会涉及范围广些,闽浙沿岸夏季表层盐度变化规律如何?与厄尔尼诺现象有关? 日前人们对于厄尔尼诺现象预报还没有找到切实可行方法,还在很艰苦探索中。但是,为     

北宋中期耕地面积及其空间分布格局重建(英文)

To understand historical human-induced land cover change and its climatic effects, it is necessary to create historical land use datasets with explicit spatial information. Using the taxes-cropland area and number of families compiled from historical documents, we esti-mated the real cropland area and populations within each Lu (a province-level political region in the Northern Song Dynasty) in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty (AD1004-1085). The es-timations were accomplished through analyzing the contemporary policies of tax, population and agricultural development. Then, we converted the political region-based cropland area to geographically explicit grid cell-based fractional cropland at the cell size of 60 km by 60 km. The conversion was based on calculating cultivation suitability of each grid cell using the topographic slope, altitude and population density as the independent variables. As a result, the total area of cropland within the Northern Song territory in the 1070s was estimated to be about 720 million mu (Chinese area unit, 1 mu = 666.7 m2), of which 40.1% and 59.9% oc-curred in the north and south respectively. The population was estimated to be about 87.2 million, of which 38.7% and 61.3% were in the north and south respectively, and per capita cropland area was about 8.2 mu. The national mean reclamation ratio (i.e. ratio of cropland area to total land area; RRA hereafter for short) was bout 16.6%. The plain areas, such as the North China Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Guanzhong Plain, plains surrounding the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake and Sichuan Basin, had a higher RRA, being mostly over 40%; while the hilly and mountainous areas, such as south of Nanling Mountains, the southwest regions (excluding the Chengdu Plain), Loess Plateau and south-east coastal regions, had a lower RRA, being less than 20%. Moreover, RRA varied with topographic slope and altitude. In the areas of low altitude (≤250 m), middle altitude (250-100 m) and high altitude (1000-3500 m), there were 443 million, 215 million and 64 million mu of cropland respectively and their regional mean RRAs were 27.5%, 12.6% and 7.2% respectively. In the areas of flat slope, gentle slope, medium slope and steep slope, there were 116 million, 456 million, 144 million and 2 million mu of cropland respectively and their regional mean RRAs were 34.6%, 20.7%, 8.5% and 2.3% respectively.     

近实时公共气象服务分析图网站发布

给出一种基于开源IDV工具构建气象产品网站发布平台的设计思路和实现方法。近实时公共气象服务分析图将使用人员定位于浏览器端县乡级气象、农技、公众群体,突出分析图的时空分级覆盖、耕作层气象服务、山地气象服务和灾害气象服务。通过内容、时间、区域以及表现形式4个方面的分解,描述了网站的设计原理。通过本体技术实现气象要素向气象知识的过渡。通过图形产品的静态和动态层分别处理,提高了二维和三维图形产品的生成速度。构建形成的气象产品发布平台已经在多个网站得到应用并得到好评。     

能见度观测现状浅谈

针对当前能见度操作中的景况,提出能见度观测中被忽视的几个突出问题,旨在提高能见度观测的正确度.     

电源避雷器安装应注意的问题

该文分析在防雷工程施工安装避雷器的选型、安装位置确定中应注意的问题。     

X波段双极化多普勒天气雷达极限降水的估计能力

首先分析了X波段双极化多普勒天气雷达降水估计的误差来源及其影响,然后分析了信比、积累阶数对降水估计精度的影响,明确雷达系统本身的测量误差所能达到的理想程度,结果表明在双通道的积累次数M=64,信噪比SNR=10dB的条件下差分反射率的σ(ZDR)=0.32dB,则相应R(Z,ZDR)的降水估计精度最好能达到44%,同样条件下差分相位的σ(ΦDP)=0.08°,那么在降水率R=50mm/h时R(KDP)的降水估计精度最好能达8.6%。     

地市级电视天气预报节目演播稿的撰写技巧

从撰写节目演播稿的内容出发,将天气预报节目的"科学性"和"服务性"结合起来,向大众宣传气象科技,提高气象的社会地位。