曲波变换在位场信号提取中的应用研究

为了重磁数据中有效信号的分离与提取,本文研究了最近十几年发展起来的一种方法:曲波变换方法(Cur-velet transform method).从曲波变换的基本原理入手,通过重力位场理论模型数据分析了曲波变换的多尺度分解重构能力,并且利用加噪理论模型数据分析了曲波变换的阈值去噪能力,此外,还使用曲波变换对南岭东部地区...     

A combined IR and XRD study of natural well crystalline goethites(α-FeOOH)

Goethite(a-FeOOH) is one of the most abundant minerals on the Earth surface, occurring in temperate,tropical and equatorial climates. Fe in goethite can be substituted by many cations such as Al, Ni for instance. A large amount of research has been conducted on the effect of varying elemental compositions(mainly Al-content) on the spectral features of goethites with most of the studies based on materials synthesized with different elemental ratios. The different elemental ratios, however, may no...     

A Late Cretaceous ensimatic arc developed during closure of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys(central-northern Turkey)

Studies on differentiation of ensimatic arc units from melange units in the Northern Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt(NAOB) are very rare. The study area represents the southern edge of the central part of the NAOB.The aim of the study is to distinguish the main units of NAOB and to define the geotectonic setting of the Darmik Ensimatic Arc Association(DEAA). To study the ensimatic arc units as an independent tectonic unit is important and facilitates understanding of the geological evolution of the NAOB. During field studies, the contact relationships within the Darmik Ensimatic Arc Association(DEAA) units and also with other tectonic units were reviewed. Then, paleontological, geochronological, petrological and also geochemical properties of the DEAA have been defined. In the present study, ensimatic arc units have been distinguished from ophiolitic association for the first time, in the region. As a result of the study, the DEAA is divided into two levels and lower level named as the Kartal unit and upper level named as the izibüyük unit. In the Kartal unit, basaltic and andesitic lavas with their equivalent pyroclastic rock units are dominant. Radiolarite and mudstones interbedded within the Kartal unit of DEAA have Turonian and Santonian age. In addition, the age of basalt samples of DEAA are 98.7 ± 2.4 Ma, defined using the~(40)Ar/39 Ar method. The izibüyük unit of DEAA comprises conglomerate, sandstone, claystone, mudstone,clayey limestone, micritic limestone with volcanic interbeds and also calciturbidites. Santonian-Maastrichtian ages were obtained from this unit of the DEAA. In conclusion, the age of DEAA is widely accepted as Late Cretaceous. After the evaluation of the analysis, the volcanics of the DEAA originated from calcalkaline-basalts, which reflect ensimatic arc magmatism.     

藏南扎西康铅锌银锑多金属矿多期多阶段成矿特征及其指示意义

扎西康铅锌银锑多金属矿床是北喜马拉雅金-锑成矿带的典型代表,更是该成矿带内为数不多的已达到大型规模的矿床。扎西康矿床具有丰富的金属矿物和脉石矿物组合以及极为复杂的成矿期次,因而其成矿世代的系统划分不仅对该矿床成矿过程的认识和理解具有重要意义,而且对区带成矿作用的认识也具有十分重要的指示意义。文章在总结前人的认识基础之上,根据矿物共生组合和相互穿插关系,提出了新的成矿期次划分方案,将扎西康矿床的成矿世代分为3期、7阶段和13亚阶段,这种多期多阶段成矿特点显示出扎西康矿床的形成可能是多期流体叠加的结果,并提出晚期锑元素对先存铅锌矿体的叠加改造成因。研究表明这种叠加改造成矿作用在整个区带上具有普遍意义,指示了在特提斯喜马拉雅锑金成矿带可能具有寻找铅锌矿体的潜力。     

塔吉克斯坦阿尔登-托普坎铅锌矿床地质特征及控矿因素分析

阿尔登–托普坎铅锌矿床（简称阿矿）,位于塔吉克斯坦第二大城市胡占德（苦盏）北东方向110 km处,是阿尔登–托普坎矿田主要矿床之一。该矿田勘查与开发历史悠久,是塔吉克斯坦境内最重要的铅锌矿集区,矿田内分布大小不等的十二个铅锌矿床,其中主要的矿床为三个,即派布拉克矿床、阿尔登–托普坎矿床及北阿尔登–托普坎矿床,三个主要矿床相距2 km以内（周叶,2010）。本文论述阿尔登–托普坎矿床的区域地质背景和主要成矿特征,分析其主要控矿因素,并对其成因类型进行归属研究,为塔吉克境内相同类型铅锌矿床的找矿勘查工作提供依据。     

煤层气储层伤害机理与水平井双层管柱筛管完井技术

煤储层具有高吸附性、低渗透性、易压缩与易破碎的特征,煤层气水平井钻完井过程中常常造成煤储层伤害,导致煤层渗透率和单井煤层气产量大幅度降低。通过实验分析,揭示水平井钻完井液中的固相颗粒、流体流动诱导产生的固相成分对煤储层微裂隙堵塞成因,阐明煤层气水平井钻完井中储层伤害的机理。在此基础上,提出水平井双层管柱筛管完井技术,分析其减轻煤储层伤害的机理,即通过冲管水力冲击作用消除水平井壁钻井液泥饼,清除井壁附近堵塞微裂隙煤粉,并在近井地带产生应力增渗作用。相对于煤层气常规的多分支水平井及分段压裂水平井,水平井双层管柱筛管完井的稳定日产气量、稳产周期均大幅提升。该技术在沁水盆地南部部分区域推广应用显示,3号煤层气井平均日产气量提升到20 000 m3,同时实现15号煤层气的开发突破,平均日产气量提升到10 000 m3以上。研究成果对于降低煤层气水平井钻完井过程中的储层伤害,提高煤层气井产量具有重要的理论和实践意义。      

芦苇湿地根孔系统特征及其磷去除机理研究

为探明湿地根孔的分布特征及其磷去除机理,于2008年4～7月调查了白洋淀排污河--府河沿岸芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地中根孔的分布,并研究了根孔系统中3种典型介质对磷的吸附特点.调查发现,排污河沿岸苇地剖面上死根孔数目约占40%,根孔的存在大大增加了交错带土壤的导水速率和水/土接触的有效面积.野外剖面清查发现,死根孔内部常存在着湿润而松软的颗粒填充物,由于交错带与周边水体的间歇性水文交换过程,湿地基质中存在明显的红棕色氧化性土壤.试验表明,根孔内部填充物、湿地氧化性基质土和湿地基质土3种典型介质对磷都有很高的吸附容量,而湿地基质和根孔内部不同的水流条件明显影响其物理化学性质和吸附性质.湿地氧化性基质土、湿地基质土和根孔内部填充物的最大磷吸附量分别为1 186.0 mg/kg、714.6 mg/kg和650.1 mg/kg.从吸附平衡浓度(EPC0)来看,三者无显著差别,均在0.025 mg/L左右,表明这3种介质可以吸附较低浓度的磷.而更接近田间条件的动态吸附试验中,饱和磷吸附量分别为:湿地氧化性基质土约320 mg/kg,湿地基质土约200 mg/kg,根孔内部填充物约140 mg/kg.根孔内部填充物吸附的磷较之二种基质土更容易解吸.以上结果说明,芦苇湿地根区3种典型介质均有较高的磷吸附容量,根孔内部填充物吸附能力低于湿地基质土壤,但错综复杂的根孔系统增加了吸附表面积,使水分和土壤充分接触,从而保持了根孔系统良好的磷去除效果.     

Intercomparison of NO_x, SO_2, O_3, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Measured by a Commercial DOAS System and Traditional Point Monitoring Techniques

A field-based Intercomparison study of a commercial Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument (OPSIS AB, Sweden) and different point-sample monitoring techniques (PM, based on an air monitoring station, an air monitoring vehicle, and various chemical methods) was conducted in Beijing from October 1999 to January 2000. The mixing ratios of six trace gases including NO, NO2, SO2, O3, benzene, and toluene were monitored continuously during the four months. A good agreement between the DOAS and PM data was found for NO2 and SO2. However, the concentrations of benzene, toluene, and NO obtained by DOAS were significantly lower than those measured by the point monitors. The ozone levels monitored by the DOAS were generally higher than those measured by point monitors. These results may be attributed to a strong vertical gradient of the NO-O3-NO2 system and of the aromatics at the measurement site. Since the exact data evaluation algorithm is not revealed by the manufacturer of the DOAS sys     

汶川地震(Ms 8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用

2008年5月12日14时28分,青藏高原东缘龙门山地区发生了震惊世界的汶川地震（MS 8.0）,地震不仅造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,并形成了迄今为止空间上分布最为复杂、长度最大的逆冲型同震地表破裂带。通过多次野外考查表明,汶川地震（MS 8.0）在龙门山断裂带上至少使两条NE走向、倾向NW的映秀-北川断裂和灌县-安县断裂同时发生地表破裂,并沿映秀-北川断裂产生的地表破裂带长度约275 km,以逆冲运动伴随右旋走滑为其破裂特征,最大垂直位移量约11 m,最大右旋走滑位移量至少约12 m;沿灌县-安县断裂产生的地表破裂带长度约80 km,表现为纯逆冲运动的破裂特征,最大垂直位移量约4 m;另外发育一条长约6 km呈NW走向连接于映秀-北川破裂带和汉旺破裂带的小鱼洞破裂带,以左旋走滑兼有逆冲运动为特征。地表破裂基本沿袭早先活动断裂带上,并使早先抬高的地貌更加抬高,表明龙门山地区地震在同一断裂带上重复发生过,并且无数次地震活动（包括类似汶川MS 8.0地震的强震）的累积,逐渐形成了现今的龙门山。根据同震断裂面以及断裂面上的擦痕分析表明,汶川地震是由两次破裂事件叠加而成,初期破裂以逆冲运动为主,后期破裂以右旋走滑为主,这种破裂过程与地震波数据反演结果（陈运泰等,2008;Ji, 2008;王为民等,2008）一致。在地表破裂带南段（映秀—清平段）叠加了两次不同性质的破裂过程,北段（北川—南坝段）只反映了第二次破裂事件的过程。利用长期滑移速率与汶川地震同震位移对比,估算出在龙门山断裂带上类似汶川地震（MS 8.0）的强震复发周期为3000~6000 a。通过对比研究,西昆仑山、阿尔金山和东昆仑山与龙门山具有很相似的转换挤压构造特征,斜向逆冲作用是青藏高原周缘山脉快速崛起的主要机制。