非绝热加热对赤道地区平均纬向环流的作用——非线性响应

本文设计了一个两层非线性原始方程模式,做低谱展开,求出非线性方程组的解;讨论了在外参数变化情况下解及其相应环流的演变;并与线性响应作了对比。此外,还讨论了定常解的稳定性。 主要结论是:(1)非绝热加热各分量在非线性响应中能强迫出更为接近实际的赤道地区平均纬圈环流圈。(2)在非线性响应中,潜热加热对纬圈环流的作用是最主要的。随着外参数——湿度的变化,解出现突变现象,其对应的赤道地区平均纬圈环流从一个定常态变到另一个定常态;其中对流潜热的作用最为明显,感热加热的作用是次要的。(3)在非线性响应和线性响应中,辐射加热对环流的作用不同;潜热加热对环流的作用相似,但在前者中它要强得多。      

基于双向Raman放大的Brillouin光时域分析系统

提出了一种基于双向Raman放大的Brillouin光时域分析系统(BOTDA).利用双向Raman抽运对信号光进行Raman放大以补偿光纤损耗及Brillouin抽运波的消耗,从而使光纤后端的测量分辨率得到改善,测量分辨率在整段传感光纤趋于一致,同时避免了调制不稳定性引起的频谱扩展,克服了传统BOTDA存在的信号强度指数下降的弊端,使传感精度得到进一步提高.实验实现了50 km传感距离, 温度分辨率达0.6 ℃,空间分辨率为50 m.测量并分析了基于双向Raman放大的BOTDA信噪比和光功率分布特性.     

三维GIS技术在数字油田建设中的应用

分析3DGIS特点,提出将3DGIS技术与数字油田建设相结合的思想,并通过一个典型的三维数字油田虚拟展示实例,介绍Skyline技术的应用流程。     

基于MapObjects的校园路灯管理地理信息系统的设计与实现

基于MapObjects设计实现的校园路灯管理地理信息系统,以可视化的界面为路灯基础设施管理部门提供路灯数据的可视化管理系统,包括路灯位置和属性数据的双向查询、空间分析、统计计算等功能,是地理信息系统在路灯基础设施建设管理中的重要应用之一.     

XCP投弃式海洋探头阻力系数数值计算及试验研究

以XCP探头为模型,采用有限体积法结合κ-ε两方程湍流模型,对XCP探头阻力系数进行了数值计算,研究了XCP探头的阻力特性。获得了不同雷诺数下阻力系数的变化趋势和水下稳定运动时的极限速度。结果表明阻力系数随着雷诺数的增加而减小,其数值计算结果与海上实测数据基本吻合,验证了该数值计算方法的正确性,可为XCP探头结构设计提供参考。     

罗源湾海域表层海水氮磷含量的季节分布特征及长期变化趋势

文章通过对罗源湾海域5个调查站位表层海水连续6年(2003—2008年)的观测调查以及相应历史数据的收集和分析,对该海域氮、磷的季节及长期变化趋势进行了研究和探讨。     

地理信息科学专业学生三维GIS实践能力培养

新型智慧城市建设进程导致三维GIS实践能力成为地理信息科学专业学生核心竞争力,这给地理信息科学专业实践教学带来新挑战.本文针对地理信息科学专业学生三维GIS实践能力培养新要求,探讨相应教学内容和实践途径:从三维数据表达视角看,包括三维场景认知和三维模型构建;从三维空间分析视角看,包括空间坐标系、三维空间算法和空间分析应...     

MM5 Simulations of the China Regional Climate During the LGM. Ⅱ： Influence of Change of Land Area,Vegetation, and Large-scale Circulation Background

Using a regional climate model MM5 nested to an atmospheric global climate model CCM3, a series of simulations and sensitivity experiments have been performed to investigate the relative LGM climate response to changes of land-sea distribution, vegetation, and large-scale circulation background over China. Model results show that compared with the present climate, the fluctuations of sea-land distribution in eastern Asia during the LGM result in the temperature decrease in winter and increase in summer. It has significant impact on the temperature and precipitation in the east coastal region of China. The impact on precipitation in the east coastal region of China is the most significant one, with 25%-50% decrease in the total precipitation change during the LGM. On the other hand, the changes in sea-land distribution have less influence on the climate of inland and western part of China. During the LGM, significant changes in vegetation result in temperature alternating with winter increase and summer decrease, but differences in the annual mean temperature are minor. During the LGM, the global climate, i.e., the large-scale circulation background has changed significantly. These changes have significant influences on temperature and precipitation over China. They result in considerable temperature decreases in this area, and direct the primary patterns and characteristics of temperature changes. Results display that, northeastern China has the greatest temperature decrease, and the temperature decrease in the Tibetan Plateau is larger than in the eastern part of China located at the same latitude. Moreover, the change of large-scale circulation background also controls the pattern of precipitation change. Results also show that, most of the changes in precipitation over western and northeastern parts of China are the consequences of changing large-scale circulation background, of which 50%-75% of precipitation changes over northern and eastern China are the results of changes in large-scale circulation backgrou     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE

The global zonally averaged atmospheric chemistry model is developed in this paper.Theformation mechanism of the Antarctic ozone hole is numerically simulated using the model to checkthe viewpoints on the formation mechanism.The results show that:(1)The Antarctic ozone hole is a special phenomenon resulting from the heterogeneousreactions on the surface of the polar stratospheric cloud particles,under the special conditions oftemperature and circulation in Antarctic spring.The heterogeneous reactions reduce the NO_2concentration,resulting in the decrease of ozone production rate.The ozone content decreaseswhen its production is less than its destruction.This is the direct cause for the formation of theAntarctic ozone hole.(2)The impact of the polar vortex on the transport of trace species is not the determinativefactor in the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole.but makes the intensity of the ozone holechanged.(3)The solar cycles have negligible influence on the intensity of the Antarctic ozone holethrough photochemical reactions.     

末次冰期冰盛期中国地区水循环因子变化的模拟研究

ISCCP卫星资料(1983—2006年)的结果显示:青藏高原地区是高云的高值中心;而以四川为中心直到同纬度的中国东南沿海地区是中云的高值区,同时,青藏高原地区是中云的低值中心。利用全球气候模式CCM3嵌套区域模式MM5模拟了现代和末次冰期冰盛期的气候。MM5模拟的结果与ISCCP的卫星资料对比表明:模拟结果再现了中国地区高云和中云分布的主要特征。这暗示云分布的气候特征可能主要由相对湿度决定。同时,通过MM5的结果与NCEP资料的对比也说明,模式可以较好地模拟水汽和温度的垂直分布。在此基础上,研究了末次冰期冰盛期水循环因子的变化。模拟结果显示:末次冰期冰盛期夏季对流层的温度降低,在对流层中上层存在温度降低的中心;而在冬季在南方的对流层中层存在降温中心,在北方的对流层中上层温度升高。大气中水汽含量与温度变化有很好的正相关,除了冬季北方对流层中上层水汽增加外,水汽含量一般降低,而且在近地层降低的最多,随高度增高水汽变化逐渐变小。但是,水汽的相对变化在对流层上层存在降低的高值中心。相对湿度存在变化,最大的变化超过15%,而且有增加,也有减少。在区域尺度相对湿度不是保守的。相对湿度变化与中云和低云的变化一致。在末次冰期冰盛期,中国地区高云量减少,除中国西南地区外,中云和低云量减少,低云量减少的最多。降水的变化与中云和低云的变化相对应,云量增加降水增加,云量减少降水也减少。从相对湿度和有效降水可以看到在西南地区末次冰期冰盛期变得潮湿,在夏季西北地区也变得潮湿。