龙凤山本底站2006年二氧化硫初步分析

文章主要讨论了2006年龙凤山本底站SO2的日变化、季节变化以及浓度频率分布,还简单的阐述了SO2浓度与温度和湿度的关系。通过分析龙凤山区域大气本底站2006年1～12月近地面SO2的监测数据,得出年平均浓度是（2．6±3．5）ppb,春、夏、秋、冬的平均浓度分别是（1．6±2．2）ppb、（0．7±1．0）ppb、（1．8±2．8）ppb、（6．2±5．8）ppb。     

喜马拉雅降水势能与剥蚀强度时空对应的定量研究

在活动造山带的研究中,剥蚀作用被认为与大气降水有着密切的关系,并且越来越 多的研究证据发现,气候因子在山脉的演化中承载了重要的影响力,降水被认为是活动造山 带剥蚀作用的动因。研究者用降水量和剥蚀强度的对应来阐释气候对山脉演化的制约。然而 也有学者提出反面例证来否定降水量与山脉剥蚀强度之间的耦合关系,进而否定气候因子在 活动造山带构造演化中的影响。由此而提出的科学问题是：降水究竟与剥蚀强度有没有关 联？降水怎样影响剥蚀强度,遵循怎样的机理？在详细分析活动造山带剥蚀作用过程和机理 的基础上,本文提出了降水势能的概念,在校验和整合TRMM 降水量数据与Etopo1 数字地貌 数据体之后,计算了喜马拉雅造山带的降水势能空间分布。同时,收集整理了喜马拉雅造山 带内已公开发表的磷灰石裂变径迹（AFT）年龄数据,以此为数据库获取了喜马拉雅剥蚀强度 时空分布格局。通过这两个数据体的定量分析,研究发现,喜马拉雅造山带内,剥蚀强度与 降水势能之间有很好的空间耦合性。这说明, 在喜马拉雅构造带, 现今的AFT 年龄空间分 布,是受气候作用主导的。进一步的研究发现,喜马拉雅带大约2.8 Ma 以来的AFT 年龄与现 今的降水势能秩相关性显著,且有局部最优的线性相关性,说明喜马拉雅带的剥蚀空间分布 受第四纪以来很年轻的地质历史时期的地表降水过程所控制。最新的气候样式决定了现今的 降水过程,控制了造山带剥蚀强度的空间分布。     

沱沱河地区扎拉夏各涌铅锌矿成矿时代及其地质意义：钾长花岗斑岩年代学和地球化学特征

三江成矿带北段是我国著名的“三江”铜多金属巨型成矿带的北延部分,构造上属特提斯巨型成矿域的重要组成部分。野外调查期间,对沱沱河矿区的扎拉夏各涌铅锌矿（化）点进行了年代学及岩石地球化学研究。通过高精度LA-ICP-MS 锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得与铅锌矿（化）密切相关的钾长花岗斑岩²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U 年龄加权平均值为 35.96±0.61 Ma,确定铅锌矿（化）发生在古近纪始新世。地球化学分析表明,钾长花岗斑岩具有高SiO₂、Al₂O₃、K₂O, 低 TiO₂、Na₂O 的特征。在 TAS 岩石分类图解中样品均落入碱性系列的碱性花岗岩区,QAP分类图解中样品均落入碱性长石花岗岩区,K₂O-Na₂O 图解中样品投入过钾质系列区,A/NK-A/CNK 指数图解中样品投入过铝质区,为过铝质过钾质碱性系列花岗岩。稀土和微量元素地球化学特征显示,该岩体LREE、LILE 和部分HFSE 富集,REE 表现为LREE/HREE 明显分离的分配模式,强不相容大离子亲石元素Sr、K、Rb 、Ba、Th、U 和高场强元素La、 Ce、Nd 等相对富集,从多元素多方法图解中可以看出该斑岩体属于过铝质过钾质碱性-高钾钙碱性系列S 型花岗岩,形成于印度板块与亚洲板块的陆-陆碰撞,青藏高原快速隆升之后的后造山构造阶段的构造环境。     

基于浒苔暴发海水池塘的微生物生态特征研究

为研究浒苔对海水养殖环境微生物生态的影响,采用Illumia高通量测序技术测定冬季垦区进水区、浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区水体以及底泥中菌群结构,分析进水区、池塘养殖区和排水区的环境微生物结构演变过程。结果表明:（1）γ-变形细菌、α-变形细菌、放线菌、拟杆菌和δ-变形细菌为海水养殖区的优势细菌门类;（2）进水区水体和底泥微生物种类和多样性指数均高于浒苔池塘和排水区;浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区微生物群落结构较为相似;（3）浒苔池塘的水体微生物以异养细菌为主,底泥以脱硫杆菌等厌氧细菌为主,增加了底泥潜在产生硫化氢的危害;（4）进水区水体含有丰度较高的弧菌和鱼立克次氏体等条件致病性病原菌,而浒苔池塘中含量较低,说明浒苔对弧菌等有一定的抑制作用;但浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区中另一种潜在致病菌黄杆菌类的丰度较高,养殖品种务必防患此类病菌感染疾病的发生。本文从微生态学角度全面揭示浒苔对近岸海区、海水池塘和排水区微生态演变过程的影响,发现了浒苔具有抑制和增加不同致病菌的双重作用,这对水产养殖有一定指导,也为浒苔发生原因、预报、预防等研究提供一定理论参考。     

Investigation of Arctic air temperature extremes at north of 60°N in winter

Air temperature is a key index reflecting climate change. Air temperature extremes are very important because they strongly influence the natural environment and societal activities. The Arctic air temperature extremes north of 60°N are investigated in the winter. Daily data from 238 stations at north of 60°N from the global summary of the day for the period 1979–2015 are used to study the trends of cold days, cold nights, warm days and warm nights during the wintertime. The results show a decreasing trend of cold days and nights(rate of –0.2 to –0.3 d/a) and an increasing trend of warm days and nights(rate of +0.2 to +0.3 d/a) in the Arctic. The mean temperature increases,which contributes to the increasing(decreasing) occurrence of warm(cold) days and nights. On the other hand,the variance at most stations decreased, leading to a reduced number of cold events. A positive AO(Arctic Oscillation) index leads to an increased(decreased) number of warm(cold) days and nights over northern Europe and western Russia and an increased(decreased) number of cold(warm) days and nights over the Bering Strait and Greenland. The lower extent of Arctic autumn sea ice leads to a decreased number of cold days and nights.The occurrences of abrupt changes are detected using the Mann-Kendall method for cold nights occurring in Canada in 1998 and for warm nights occurring in northwestern Eurasia in 1988. This abrupt change mainly resulted from the mean warming induced by south winds and an increased North Atlantic sea surface temperature.     

欧亚大陆冬季温度对北极海冰减少的敏感性及非线性响应研究

The recent decline in the Arctic sea ice has coincided with more cold winters in Eurasia.It has been hypothesized that the Arctic sea ice loss is causing more mid-latitude cold extremes and cold winters,yet there is lack of consensus in modeling studies on the impact of Arctic sea ice loss.Here we conducted modeling experiments with Community Atmosphere Model Version 5(CAM5) to investigate the sensitivity and linearity of Eurasian winter temperature response to the Atlantic sector and Pacific sector of the Arctic sea ice loss.Our experiments indicate that the Arctic sea ice reduction can significantly affect the atmospheric circulation by strengthening the Siberian High,exciting the stationary Rossby wave train,and weakening the polar jet stream,which in turn induce the cooling in Eurasia.The temperature decreases by more than 1°C in response to the ice loss in the Atlantic sector and the cooling is less and more shifts southward in response to the ice loss in the Pacific sector.More interestingly,sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors together barely induces cold temperatures in Eurasia,suggesting the nonlinearity of the atmospheric response to the Arctic sea ice loss.     

新型防污剂辣素衍生物的合成、抑菌性及防污性能研究

合成了3种新型含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物HMOBA、BMA和HMMBA,通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁波谱(1 HNMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌性实验证明了合成的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,抑菌效果为BMA>HMOBA>HMMBA,其中BMA的对两种菌的最小抑菌浓度均可达0.062 5mg/mL。以合成的化合物为防污剂制备了海洋防污涂料,186d的实海挂板几乎没有附着任何海洋污损生物。     

西北太平洋不同区域海平面变化特征分析

重点研究西北太平洋长期验潮站海平面变化的季节、年际和年代际变化特征。所选站点多年平均变化速率为1.71mm/a。结果表明,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区主要周期均为12个月;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区部分低纬度站点存在6个月周期;所有站点都存在明显的年际和年代际周期信号;中高纬度地区年代际信号强于年际信号,热带地区年际信号强于年代际信号;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区站点年际和年代际变化具有明显的地域性;热带地区受ENSO影响强于中高纬度地区,热带大洋区受ENSO影响强于大洋沿岸区,热带大洋沿岸区受ENSO影响强于近岸区;受PDO影响较明显的站点位于25°N～40°N的中纬度地区。1993—2010年间,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区验潮站、大洋区T/P的主要周期均为12个月,但变化速率和季节变化振幅各不同,大洋区验潮站滞后其他区近1个月达到极值。     

天气雷达基本反射率产品的地学可视化

对基本反射率产品进行可视化,是准确分析区域天气的基础。本文以梅州市CINRAD/SA型雷达该类产品为例,对该类数据的存储结构做了详尽的剖析,设计了产品径向数据向二维矩阵转换的算法,研究了该类数据转为极坐标系下矢量类型和直角坐标系下栅格类型存储的绘制模式,并采用ArcGIS Engine进行了实现。最后对两种生成显示回波的方法进行对比分析,结果表明:两种方法都能准确显示回波,应用时需根据实际情况采用相应的方法显示与分析雷达回波。     

Low-frequency coupled atmosphere-ocean variability in the southern Indian Ocean

The low-frequency atmosphere-ocean coupled variability of the southern Indian Ocean(SIO) was investigated using observation data over 1958-2010.These data were obtained from ECMWF for sea level pressure(SLP) and wind,from NCEP/NCAR for heat fluxes,and from the Hadley Center for SST.To obtain the coupled air-sea variability,we performed SVD analyses on SST and SLP.The primary coupled mode represents 43% of the total square covariance and is featured by weak westerly winds along 45-30 S.This weakened subtropical anticyclone forces fluctuations in a well-known subtropical dipole structure in the SST via wind-induced processes.The SST changes in response to atmosphere forcing and is predictable with a lead-time of 1-2 months.Atmosphere-ocean coupling of this mode is strongest during the austral summer.Its principle component is characterized by mixed interannual and interdecadal fluctuations.There is a strong relationship between the first mode and Antarctic Oscillation(AAO).The AAO can influence the coupled processes in the SIO by modulating the subtropical high.The second mode,accounting for 30% of the total square covariance,represents a 25-year period interdecadal oscillation in the strength of the subtropical anticyclone that is accompanied by fluctuations of a monopole structure in the SST along the 35-25 S band.It is caused by subsidence of the atmosphere.The present study also shows that physical processes of both local thermodynamic and ocean circulation in the SIO have a crucial role in the formation of the atmosphere-ocean covariability.