川滇地震滑坡分布规律探讨

本文主要从宏观角度讨论了川滇地区地震滑坡的空间分布格局与环境条件的关系。地震滑坡灾害在空间上可分为四种不同程度的地区。地震滑坡不但受到地震强度、频度的控制,而且与各震区所处的环境条件密切相关。川滇地区的滑坡生成环境可分成三类。在这些环境因素的制约下,形成了自北而南地震滑坡灾害逐渐递降的发育趋势。从时间分布的讨论中可见,川滇地震滑坡自1870—1976年的百年内为高潮期。     

天然和饱水状态下泥岩力学性质及损伤变形能量特征分析

为研究三溪村滑坡滑带泥岩的力学性质和滑带的形成机制,进行天然和饱水状态下单轴和常规三轴压缩试验。结果表明:饱水状态对泥岩的变形强度、破坏形式和围压效应具有显著影响,饱水使泥岩的应力应变曲线由应变软化型转化为"弹-塑-蠕变"型,破坏形式由剪断破坏变成塑性破坏,围压敏感性减弱,而似软化系数随围压的增加而减小。从能量角度分析表明:两种状态下能量的变化规律相似,但天然状态能量以弹性应变能储存,饱水以耗散能释放,且饱水使总应变能U、峰前弹性应变能Ue及二者的变化速率均小于自然状态,而耗散能Ud则相反;试样峰值点和残余点处各应变能具有围压效应,呈线性递增关系。饱水导致各应变能的累积、转化、耗散和释放的差异,使得弹性应变能急剧降低,耗散能增加,力学强度也伴随着滑带的损伤变形而产生衰减效应。     

松软突出煤层复合排渣钻进技术试验研究

为提高煤矿松软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工深度和抽采效果,以中风压(0.7～1.2 MPa)复合排渣钻进技术为基础,采用不同规格的螺旋钻具组合配合相应的工艺参数进行现场试验,比较不同钻具组合的应用情况,选择适应松软突出煤层的最优钻具组合与配套工艺,达到高效施工全煤长钻孔的目的。     

Combined impact of climate change,cultivar shift,and sowing date on spring wheat phenology in Northern China

Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China (NC). The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day (10 yr)^?1. Moreover, while the vegetative growth period (VGP) shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period (RGP) prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period (WGP) of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC. Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat. Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages (i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP) of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures (cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments) could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity.     

FRP船形气象浮标

为了在海洋中的固定地点对海洋性气候和水文状况进行长期自动观测，我们开发出了一种船形玻璃钢浮标，虽说该浮标是参照在美国开发的Ｖ．Ｅ．ＮＯＭＡＤ浮标来设计的，但是考虑到ＦＲＰ优越的防腐性能和弯曲表面的可成型性，船身材料由铝改成了玻璃钢。另外，在使用蓄电池的同时，还采用了太阳能电池作为浮标能源。浮标完成之后，在Ｈａｔｓｕｓｈｃｍａ岛进行了约三个月的冬季现场试验，获得了有关波浪、浮标运动、太阳能电池等实验的重要数据。本文概述了对海浪、浮标的运动、太阳能电池等具体的实验和分析结果。     

滇西北羊拉大型铜矿床深部发现钨矿体

我国西南“三江”地区的金沙江成矿带,以富产铜铅锌资源著称,迄今尚未有钨矿体的发现。近期,该成矿带内的羊拉大型铜矿床深部新发现了钨矿体,为金沙江铜多金属成矿带内的首次报道。新发现的钨矿体宽2～10m,呈不规则脉状及团块状产出于泥盆系里农组二段大理岩内,其中钨矿石已达到工业品位,可作为伴生资源开采利用。初步研究表明,白钨矿原位U-Pb年龄为(30.6±1.7) Ma、(30.3±2.4) Ma,反映其形成于渐新世,明显晚于铜矿体的成矿年龄,花岗闪长岩可能为钨矿提供了成矿物质。钨矿体的发现,表明羊拉矿床可能经历了多期成矿作用的叠加复合。