西南某坝区右岸复杂岩体成因初步分析

西南某坝区右岸由海西期花岗岩组成。除断裂构造发育外，右岸岩体蚀变类型多，分布广，风化和卸荷强烈，深度大。上述现象组合在一起，使右岸岩体极为复杂。实地调查表明，这一复杂岩体的形成主要是由于右岸丫口后山穹隆新生代以来曾经经历过较强烈隆升导致放射状和环状张裂隙发育的结果。     

小湾水电站进水口边坡稳定性复核及锚固力研究

小湾水电站施工期间,笔者基于现场调查,分析、复核了进水口边坡内控制性结构面的产状和性状,确定了7个可动块体;基于块体理论,计算了各块体的稳定性及所需要的锚固力,认为,f89-1南侧块体为控制边坡稳定的主要块体,由此确定边坡下限锚固力为351029kN;综合二维极限平衡分析成果,确定小湾进水口正面边坡所需总锚固力为516121.5kN,其较前期预估总锚固力有明显减小。     

强夯地基在道面荷载下的固结沉降特征

某机场场道地基经强夯处理试验后,在道面载下对地基的地下水位,孔隙水压力,浅层沉降,分层沉降等进行了将近２．５年长期监测。针对监测结果进行分析,研究强夯加固后地基的沉降固结特征,对比采用不同强夯加固方案各小区沉降的差异。     

小湾水电工程6#山梁节理岩体高边坡3DEC分析

小湾水电工程6#山梁区布置有高线、上线和低线三层公路.在高线公路开挖期间,6#山梁上部发生了局部滑塌.大量野外地质调查结果显示小湾水电工程6#山梁主要发育两组节理（陡倾坡外与缓倾坡外）,并且6#山梁的变形破坏和发展演化将主要受这两组节理的控制.为了明确6#山梁的变形破坏机制,建立了6#山梁的3DEC模型,开展了6#山梁节理岩体高边坡在静态荷载下的反应以及变形破坏的全过程模拟,得出6#山梁高边坡的变形主要是结构面的剪切滑移造成的,其将会继续沿着节理面发生累进性变形,坡体应力会逐步调整,将有可能沿着1 100m高程左右的潜在剪出口发生整体变形破坏,最后提出了剪出口部位应作重点支护的建议.     

剪应变增量在堆积体边坡稳定性研究中的应用

堆积体边坡是我国西南地区普遍可见的一类边坡,而此类边坡的失稳（特别是滑动失稳）,一般沿剪应变最大的部位发生。利用快速拉各朗日程序（FLAC 3D）,对澜沧江中游某堆积体边坡划分足够细化的单元,通过最大剪应变增量找出坡体内薄弱部位,即最容易失稳的部位,结合变形特征对其稳定性进行了评价;同时与"最危险滑弧"搜索最危险滑动范围对比表明,二者具有较好的一致性。     

冀中山前农业区地下水位强降弱升特征与机制

针对冀中山前平原农业区浅层地下水位不断下降问题,采用时间序列异变特征和趋势分析方法,基于小时级、自记监测的地下水位动态资料,通过农业区灌溉期、非灌溉期地下水位变化程度的差异特征及机制研究,结果表明:该平原农业区浅层地下水位变化在主灌溉期呈"cm/d"级(大于1.0 cm/d)下降、非灌溉期呈"mm/d"级(小于1.0 cm/d)上升的特征,这些特征与降水量、年内降水分配状况及其影响的农业开采强度密切相关。前期降水偏枯,灌溉期地下水位下降过程线和年内水位上升过程线的大部分位于当地多年地下水位变化趋势线之下;前期降水偏丰,位于趋势线之上。农业集中开采是地下水位"cm/d"级下降特征的动因,厚大包气带是地下水位"mm/d"级上升特征形成的重要条件。     

降水变化对中国南方强酸雨分布的影响

Acid rain has been recognized as a serious environmental problem in China since the 1980s, but little is known about the effects of the climatic change in regional precipitation on the temporal and spatial variability of severe acid rain. We present the effects of the re-gional precipitation trend change on the area and intensity of severe acid rain in southern China, and the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of SO2 and NO2 concentrations are analyzed on the basis of SO2 and NO2 column concentration data. The results are as follows. (1) The emission levels of SO2 and NO2 have reached or passed the precipitation scavenging capacity in parts of southern China owing to the emission totals of SO2 and NO2 increasing from 1993 to 2004. (2) Notable changes in the proportion of cities subject to severe acid rain occurred mainly in the south of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1993-2004. With an abrupt change in 1999, the severe acid rain regions were mainly located in central and western China during 1993-1999 and moved obviously eastward to the south of the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River with the proportion of cities subject to se-vere acid rain increasing significantly from 2000 to 2004. (3) The spatial distribution and variation in the seasonal precipitation change rate of more than 10 mm/10a are similar to those of severe acid rain in southern China. An abrupt change in 1999 is seen for winter and summer precipitation, the same as for the proportion of cities subject to severe acid rain in southern China. The significant increase in summer storm precipitation from 1991 to 1999 mitigated the annual precipitation acidity in the south of the Yangtze River and reduced the area of severe acid rainfall. On the other hand, the decrease in storm rainfall in summer ex-panded the area of severe acid rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River in 2000-2006. Therefore, the change in seasonal precipitation is an important factor in the severe acid rain regions moving eastward and expanding in southern China.     

塔里木河下游绿洲荒漠过渡带土壤异质性及对植物群落的影响

结合塔里木河下游铁干里克绿洲荒漠过渡带9个土壤剖面的81个土样分析数据,利用非参数检验、单因素方差分析和灰色关联方法,分析了塔里木河下游铁干里克绿洲荒漠过渡带土壤特性及其对植物群落的影响。结果表明,研究区土壤除全磷外,有机质等指标存在垂直分布差异,出现显著差异的土层深度为50 cm。研究区上段的土壤养分含量相对较高,下段较低;植物物种多样性指数自上段至下段的下降趋势与有机质等的变化相同,而植物群落退化则表现为从复合群落到单一群落的演变趋势,即从乔(胡杨为主)、灌(柽柳为主)、草复合群落演变到单一的柽柳灌丛群落。灰色关联分析表明,塔里木河下游铁干里克绿洲荒漠过渡带上层(0～50 cm)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量与物种多样性的相关性较高。     

河南省桐柏-泌阳地区表层土壤钒和钴的分布特征及健康风险评价

【研究目的】为了查明桐柏—泌阳地区表层土壤（0～20 cm）中2种重金属钒和钴的污染状况,采集表层土壤样品5521件,分析测定重金属V和Co的含量。【研究方法】运用单因子指数法、地累计指数法和人体健康风险评价方法,对土壤中V和Co的分布特征、生态风险、健康风险和影响因素进行研究。【研究结果】研究区内土壤V和Co空间分布呈片状分布,含量高值区主要分布在研究区南部。单因子污染指数和地累积指数评价中,Co元素总体污染样点比V元素多,且均存在复合污染的样点。人体健康风险评价结果显示成人的风险要大于儿童。成人中V非致癌风险指数均超过1;99.06%样品中V的儿童非致癌风险高于1;非致癌风险传播途径主要以呼吸吸入为主。存在32.95%样品Co对成人的非致癌风险为不可接受,存在19.74%样品Co对儿童的非致癌风险为不可接受。成人与儿童的致癌风险指数均在可接受的范围内。成人与儿童的非致癌风险和致癌风险指数高值区均分在研究区南部。【结论】土壤V和Co含量的高低不仅受土壤黏粒、pH值和铁、锰氧化物的影响,还受人类活动的影响。研究区矿产资源开采可能是该地区土壤V和Co污染和健康风险的主要原因。     

SIMULATION OF SUMMER MONSOON CLIMATE OVER EASTERN CHINA USING A REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL

In this paper, we evaluate the characteristics of the surface air temperature and the precipitation of summer monsoon, using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) for 20 years (1984-2003). The RSM model was designated over the eastern China with a horizontal grid spacing of approximately 30 km. The model is driven by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and runs from May 21 to September 1 for each of the 20 years. The distribution and variation patterns of the 20-year summer mean surface air temperature and precipitation are reproduced by the RSM and the differences between the simulation and observation are small. However, the model overestimates the interannual variability of summer precipitation in eastern China. The correlation coefficients of the 20-year averaging summer precipitation over the whole region and the sub-domains are above 0.8. The simulated probability distributions of daily maximum and minimum temperatures are similar to the observations. Days of different precipitation intensities in the simulations are generally consistent with the observations: the simulated days of light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain and torrential rain closely resemble the observations, but the simulated maximum centers of the distribution are north of the observed ones.