再论中国西部逆冲滑脱拆离断层前锋带的构造样式--兼论其与油气的关系

逆冲拆离断层系统又称薄皮构造，一般可分为根带、中带、前锋带及外缘带四个部分。其前锋带又可划分出滑脱型、褶皱型、前冲型和反冲型等几类构造样式，各类构造样式还可再分成若干种。例举了各种中国西部存在的典型构造样式。在库车盆地还发现双重滑脱逆冲拆离断层前锋构造存在，在其他盆地仅发现单层逆冲拆离断层前锋带的构造样式。逆冲滑脱拆离断层前锋带构造环境中油气丰富(典型的如克拉2气田)，具有良好的勘探前景。     

阿尔金大平沟金矿床地质特征及成因初探

大平沟金矿处于阿尔金山北坡太古界托格拉格布拉克岩群的NWW向强应变构造带中，矿体主要为石英脉型和含金蚀变岩型，其形态，产状，规模严格受韧脆性剪切带控制，含矿围岩主要为韧脆性变形的闪长质碎粒岩，糜梭岩，与金矿化有关的围岩变主要有黄铁矿化，硅化，钾化等，且随蚀变强度的增强，金含量增高，属中低温变质，岩浆热液复合因型金矿床。     

Chemical characterization of fractions of dissolved humic substances from a marginal sea—a case from the Southern Yellow Sea

Marine dissolved organic matter(DOM) is one of the largest dynamic pools of organic carbon in the global carbon cycle, yet DOM is still chemically poorly characterized. To better understand the origin, composition, and cycling of DOM in the China marginal sea, dissolved humic substances(DHS) were isolated from seawaters in two locations in the Southern Yellow Sea. The DHS were subdivided into fulvic acids(FAs), humic acids(HAs) and the XAD-4 fractions. Complementary analytical approaches were used to characterize the isolated DHS samples including stable carbon isotopic composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), ~(13) C cross polarization magic angle spinning(CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS). The results demonstrated that both DHS samples encountered the influences from marine source, indicating that algal and microbial-derived materials are the predominant precursors for the studied samples. The three fractions of DHS showed diff erent properties. FAs presented more aromatic features, whereas HAs contained more aliphatic lipids and proteinaceous materials. The XAD-4 fractions were enriched in ~(13) C and contained more carbohydrates but less aromatic compounds. The lower molecular weight and higher heteroatom content and number of carboxyl groups for the XAD-4 fractions may give them considerable geochemical significance for aspects of trace metal species, bioavailability of pollutants, mineral weathering and water acidification in marine environments.     

西北太平洋多金属结核铂族元素地球化学特征

Polymetallic nodules and cobalt (Co)-rich crusts are enriched in platinum-group elements (PGEs),especially platinum (Pt) and may be important sinks of PGEs.At present,little information is available on PGEs in polymetallic nodules,and their geochemical characteristics and the causes of PGEs enrichment are unclear.Here PGEs of polymetallic nodules from abyssal basin in the Marcus-Wake Seamount area of the Northwest Pacific Ocean are reported and compared with the published PGEs data of polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts in the Pacific.The total PGEs (ΣPGE) content of polymetallic nodules in study area is 258×10~(–9) in average,markedly higher than that of Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) nodules (ΣPGE=127×10~(–9)) and lower than that of Co-rich crusts in the Marcus-Wake Seamount (ΣPGE=653×10~(–9)),similar to that of Co-rich crusts in the South China Sea(ΣPGE=252×10~(–9)).The CI chondrite-normalized PGEs patterns in different regions of polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts are highly consistent,with all being characterized by positive Pt and negative Pd anomalies These results,together with those of previous studies,indicate that PGEs in polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts are mainly derived directly from seawater.Pt contents of polymetallic nodules from the study area are negatively correlated with water depth,and Pt/ΣPGE ratios in nodules there are also lower than those of the Corich crusts in the adjacent area,indicating that sedimentary water depth and oxygen fugacity of ambient seawater are the possible important controlling factors for Pt accumulation in crusts and nodules.     

琼东南盆地与甲烷渗漏有关的早期成岩作用和孔隙水化学组分异常

X-射线衍射和扫描电镜观察表明,采自南海北部琼东南盆地的沉积物样品中有天然气水合物和甲烷渗漏指示意义的自生碳酸盐、硫酸盐和草莓状framboids黄铁矿,自生矿物组合和显微结构特征与冷泉沉积物类似,属微生物成因。沉积物孔隙水化学组分分析结果显示,随着埋藏深度加深,SO₄2-,Ca2+,Mg2+和Sr2+浓度明显降低,Mg2+浓度与Ca2+浓度和Sr2+浓度与Ca2+浓度的比值急剧增加,这些地球化学特征与世界上天然气水合物产区的浅表层沉积物孔隙水中离子浓度异常吻合较好,暗示采样站位深部可能有油气或天然气水合物藏。     

渤海湾盆地及周边的古生古储油气藏——以双洞背斜古油藏与刘其营、苏桥潜山油气藏为例

双洞背斜古油藏、刘其营潜山油气藏、苏桥潜山油气藏均为古生古储或自生自储的油气藏(古油藏)。双洞古油藏位于燕山褶皱带山海关隆起北部,邻近渤海湾盆地,其含油层为中—上元古界铁岭组,而该处根本没有下第三系生油层,说明中—上元古界和古生界是其生烃层。刘其营油气藏位于冀中坳陷,储层为奥陶系,盖层为石炭系—二叠系,其上部新生界主要生油层为沙河街组三段,中间相隔厚度约1000～3000m的沙河街组四段和孔店组隔层。沙河街组三段所生之油气,无法穿过这一隔层及不整合面向下运移到奥陶系储层中,因此刘其营潜山油气藏也不可能是新生古储的。苏桥油气藏是一复式油气藏,上部石炭系—二叠系气藏与下部奥陶系油藏叠合,根据油、气、水性质的对比也可以排除新生古储的成藏模式。渤海湾盆地古生界和中—上元古界具有生烃能力,其中的临清坳陷具备在深部古老地层寻找原生油气藏的条件。     

近3万年来南海北部碳酸盐旋回及古气候意义

选取2005年"海洋四号"在南海北部海域溶跃面之上获得的ZHS-176柱状样品,分析了其碳酸钙的含量,结果表明,南海北部海域近3万年来碳酸盐含量在间冰阶时较高,冰阶时降低,其旋回特征自下而上主要分为5个阶段:(Ⅰ)末次冰期以来,碳酸钙含量偏低;(Ⅱ)冰消期,碳酸钙含量升高,出现第一个高峰;(Ⅲ)早冰后期,碳酸钙含量明显降低,出现低谷;(Ⅳ)中冰后期,碳酸钙含量升高,出现第二个高峰;(Ⅴ)晚冰后期,碳酸钙含量略微降低。ZHS-176柱碳酸盐含量变化总体表现出"大西洋型旋回"的特征,但在早冰后期,尤其是在8.5~7.5 ka B P时出现了一次明显的低钙事件,可能与陆源物质输入增加以及深海溶解作用增强有关。     

西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包-普守一带早古生代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年

依据1∶25万康西瓦幅区域地质调查成果,重点对西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包-普守一带早古生代花岗岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学及同位素年代学进行了综合研究.岩石学和地球化学特征表明,该花岗岩为高钾钙碱性花岗岩类,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为443.1 Ma±2.3 Ma和430.7 Ma±2.6 Ma,形成时代为晚奥陶世-早志留世.该成果的获得,为进一步系统地研究蒙古包-普守早古生代蛇绿混杂岩带及与其配套的早古生代花岗岩提供了直接的时代证据,为进一步深入地研究西昆仑造山带的地质构造演化提供了新的实际资料.     

西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包—普守—带早古生代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U—Pb测年

依据1:25万康西瓦幅区域地质调查成果,重点对西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包—普守一带早古生代花岗岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学及同位素年代学进行了综合研究。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,该花岗岩为高钾钙碱性花岗岩类,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为443.1 Ma±2.3Ma和430.7Ma±2,6Ma,形成时代为晚奥陶世—早志留世。该成果的获得,为进一步系统地研究蒙古包—普守早古生代蛇绿混杂岩带及与其配套的早古生代花岗岩提供了直接的时代证据,为进一步深入地研究西昆仑造山带的地质构造演化提供了新的实际资料。