板块构造对海相钾盐矿床分布与成矿模式的控制

表生钾盐矿床主要沉积于陆壳板块上的陆表海盆地中,其沉积受制于全球板块运动,具体影响表现在板块的规模、边界特征、漂移历史与古纬度、古气候等的控制作用。在巨型稳定克拉通上,出现巨型陆表海盆,沉积分布广、厚度大的巨型钾盐矿床或矿集区,矿床沉积类型属于化学岩型即碳酸盐岩型钾盐矿;板块汇聚区域,如特提斯造山带,出现较多的小陆块并形成较小规模的海相及海陆交互相盆地,也形成了一些厚度大的巨型-超大型钾盐矿床或矿床群,沉积类型有化学岩型及碎屑岩型钾矿两类;而大陆板块边缘及其内部,出现裂谷盆地成钾,沉积环境可以从海相到非海相及过渡类型,钾盐沉积规模不等,也可出现超大型矿床,基本属于碎屑岩型钾矿;最后,在大陆板块内部出现典型陆相钾盐沉积。从时代上看,稳定巨型克拉通板块成钾,主要出现于古生代;而板块汇聚时期成钾,主要发生在中生代;裂谷成钾则主要出现在新生代,典型陆相钾盐矿床则出现在第四纪。由此可见,从古生代到新生代,地球表生成钾模式发生了重大转换。从成钾物质来源看,稳定克拉通海盆主要以海水补给为主,特提斯小陆块的海相盆地成钾物质,以海水补给为主,可能存在非海相(以火山活动带来深部物质等)的补给;而裂谷成钾物质补给,则是海相与非海相混合型,甚至一些盆地以非海相物质补给为主。从古生代到中生代,再到新生代,成钾盆地规模快速变小;所形成的钾盐资源量也呈相应递减变化规律。中国小陆块的漂移演化历史受控于全球主要板块的构造演化,其海相盆地成钾作用也应符合世界主要钾盐成矿的基本规律,因此,掌握全球板块对钾盐成矿基本约束规律,有助于研究中国小陆块海相成钾规律,指导中国海相找钾勘查突破。     

Relationship between winter snow cover days in Northeast China and rainfall near the Yangtze River basin in the following summer

Based on observed snow and precipitation data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the relationship between the number of winter snow cover days in Northeast China and the following summer’s rainfall in the northern part of southern China is analyzed and the possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.The results indicate that a negative relationship is significant throughout the study period,especially more obvious after the 1980s.The pre-winter circulation patterns in years with more snow cover days and less summer rainfall in the south bank of the Yangtze River are almost the same.In years with more snow cover days,lower temperatures at the lower level over Northeast China are found in winter and spring.The winter monsoon is weaker and retreats later in these years than in those with fewer snow cover days.In spring of years with more snow cover days,anomalous cyclonic circulation is observed over Northeast China,and anomalous northerly wind is found in eastern China.In summer of these years,anomalous northeasterly wind at the lower level is found from the area south of the Yangtze River to the East China Sea and Yellow Sea;and with less southwesterly water vapor transport,the rainfall in the area south of the Yangtze River is less than normal,and the opposite patterns are true in years with fewer snow cover days.In recent years,the stable relationship between winter snow cover in Northeast China and summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin can be used for summer rainfall prediction.The results are of great importance to short-term climate prediction for summer rainfall.