中全新世南极东部埃默里冰架后退:来自沉积物岩心的证据

漂浮的冰架是气候变化的敏感指示物(Mercer,1978)。海洋的轻微变暖现象可以有效地减少冰架的体积。过去和现在建立的漂浮冰架下面的环流模式对于了解全球变暖对现今冰架的作用以及对全球海洋环流和气候的后期效应是至关重要的信息。     

Geotechnical methods of reinforcement of slopes near railroads

In order to generate well-based design decisions on reinforcement of landslide slopes and road embankment slopes, a system of combined geotechnical analysis of geological conditions is suggested which includes topographic and geophysical survey, and laboratory studies of soils using infra-red spectroscopy methods. Calculations of slopes' deflected modes are carried out with taking into account elastic and elasto-plastic behavior of soil, and the presence of supporting man-made constructions. Results of the application of the system suggested may be used as criteria for the classification of landslide slopes along permanent ways according to the degree of danger when used for transportation.     

Arsenic mobility from arsenopyrite-rich gold mine waste in Snow Lake, Manitoba, Canada

Local water contamination by arsenic can be caused by gold mining activities as in Snow Lake, Manitoba. This project was to f＇md the source （s） and pathways of the arsenic contamination and describe arsenic attenuation in ground and surface water. The project was initiated because arsenic concentrations average 16.0 mg/L in one groundwater monitoring well （MW17）. One potential source of arsenic is the 50 year-old Arsenopyrite Residue Stockpile （ARS）, 100 m upgrade of MW17. Between 1948 and 1959, 250000 tons of cyanide treated, arsenopyrite concentrate were stored in a waste rock impoundment, which was left open until 2000 when it was capped with layers of waste rock, clay and silt to minimize water infiltration and the oxidative release of arsenic.     

地球化学驱动的勘探模式-挪威巴伦支海

挪威巴伦支海盆地由于含多套烃源岩,因此可作为过充注石油系统的一流代表。古新世到上新世一更新世的多幕隆升、及随后的侵蚀作用导致储层压力下降,是造成本区烃聚集损耗的主要原因。压力释放使聚集区的烃变为油气两相,气相进一步膨胀,使其下的石油高出圈闭的溢出点。然而,很重要的一点是这种隆升事件虽然造成潜在的破坏性,但是却引起巴伦支海地区的油气在横向上长距离重新分配。     

工业化与城市化的地理学探讨

六十和七十年代中城市研究的中心议题局限于城市作为消费活动、定居和地区发展动力的中心,新古典主义城市经济学者和马克思主义学者都强调城市作为(家庭和家庭生活的社会空间的中心地位,而把生产空间(作为生产和工作的地域)贬低到简单背景和外部附加的次要地位,因而未能抓住城市化问题的实质。分析中必须把生产空间置于社会空间之前。某些社会学者认为,后工业社会及其后工业城市已经出现,这也是没有根据的。     

以伊丽莎白港为例看南非的种族隔离计划

本文试图以伊丽莎白港为例分析南非城市的法定种族隔离的形成过程。在1950年——1985年间,这个实有不公正种族隔离的殖民地城市,实际上已发展成为由政府策划者自认的不同人种的完全隔离区。土地使用条例的限制和人口流动对城市的外观和组织结构产生了深刻的影响,并必将严重影响到未来的规划。     

COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS IN MANGANESE NODULES COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH PENRHYN BASIN

Manganese nodules collected from the North Penrhyn Basin are characterized by low content of Mn and Fe, medium content of Ni and Cu , and medium Mn / Fe ratios . The average content of Ni plus Co is 1.11% , maximum 1.89% . Ni content slightly exceeds the Cu content in the nodules. Ni and Cu are strongly correlated with Mn , whereas Co is strongly correlated with Fe . Nodules containing Ni+Cu+Co near or in excess of 1% are rich in Mn and have a high Mn/Fe ratio. Those with highest content of Ni+Cu+Co are concentrated at or near the carbonate compensation depth . Nodules metal contents vary with latitude and have a reciprocal relationship with abundance. Contents of Mn, Ni, Cu and Ni+Cu+Co are high in nodules found at 2 - 6°S and vary decreasingly toward 1°N and 12°S , whereas Co content varies increasingly from 2°S towards 12°S. Nodule compositional variations with latitude are controlled by biological productivity, carbonate compensation depth , sedimentation rate, and bottom current.     

Surface Pressure and Summer Monsoon Rainfall over India

The relationship between the all-India summer monsoon rainfall and surface pressure over the Indian region has been examined to obtain a useful predictor for the monsoon rainfall. The data series of all-India monsoon rainfall and the mean pressures of three seasons before and after the monsoon season as well as the winter-to-spring pressure tendency (MAM-DJF) at 100 stations for the period 1951-1980 have been used in the analysis.The all-India monsoon rainfall is negatively correlated with the pressure of the spring (MAM) season preceding the monsoon and winter-to-spring seasonal difference as pressure tendency (MAM-DJF), at almost all the stations in India, and significantly with the pressures over central and northwestern regions. The average mean sea level pressure of six stations (Jodhpur, Ahmedabed, Bombay, Indore, Sagar and Akola) in the Western Central Indian (WCI) region showed highly significant (at 1% level) and consistent CCs of-0.63 for MAM and -0.56 for MAM-DJF for the period 1951 - 1980. T     

非线性成矿学

<正> 过去几十年,成矿学有很大的进展,这种说法虽然不会有人反对。取得这种进展的原因是,我们在苏联领域上,研究了以内生矿床为主矿床的分布规律,发现了若干新的矿区和矿省,并且取得了成就。但是,在过去几年,对成矿学研究的兴趣略有减少,这也是显而易见的,原因可能很多,其中至少三个原因是大家都知道的。第一个原因是:我们曾制定出区域成矿分析的一般理论原则,后来在50—60年代末对其作了改进,根据这些原则编了成矿规律