对“VAN预报地震—一种统计评估的尝试”一文的答复

在Ｋａｇａｎ的计算中，删去了许多成功的ＶＡＮ预报。而且，Ｋａｇａｎ假定了一个任意的地震截止震级。我们认为，对ＳＩ－ＮＯＡ目录，ＶＡＮ的高成功率既不是由顺去调整预报规则造成的，也不是地震活动性的非随机性引起的。当考虑自１９８６年以来由ＶＡＮ提出的预报规则时，如何我们从目录中去掉相关事件预报效果在统计上仍然是显著的，并且与主震有关的许多成功预报是不允许的。     

Genetic variation among age-classes of the mangrove Avicennia marina in clean and contaminated sediments

An examination was made of the genetic variation with age in mangrove populations in two estuaries in south-east Australia, one contaminated, the other uncontaminated. Sediment nutrient and metal levels, and isozyme/allozyme complements were measured in three age-classes in four stands in each estuary, to identify site and intergenerational genetic composition, and influences of sediment contamination. Within each river, there were greater genetic distances among the age-classes than among sampling sites. A downstream gradient of genetic distance was found in the uncontaminated river, but not the contaminated one, where genetic distances seemed to reflect site-specific factors, though apparently not the present sediment metal or nutrient levels. It appears that genetic distances in the polluted river may reflect past fluctuations in pollution pressures. In both rivers, genetic distances indicate that the mangroves within one estuary form one population, with 'neighbourhood' differentiation.     

ON THE USE OF MOVABLE-BED MODELS FOR RIVER PROBLEMS:A STATE-OF-THE-ART

I. INTRODUCTIONMore than a decade ago, under tile auspices of DELFT HYDRAULICS an overview on the use ofmodels for river problems was given (de Vries & van der Zwaard. 1975). Since then a better understanding of morphological processes in rivers has been obtained, their mathematical formulation hasbeen improved and computer facilities have been expended. Scale models and mathematical models arein use. but their field of application is gradually changing. It seems that the better ma…     

辽宁阜新排山楼金矿区岩浆岩锆石 SHRIMP定年及其意义

采用先进的 SHRIMP定年技术对辽宁阜新排山楼金矿区成矿前变形的闪长玢岩脉、变形花岗斑岩脉、成矿后的闪长玢岩脉和大石头沟黑云母花岗岩的锆石进行了 U Pb年龄测定 , 获成矿前变形闪长玢岩脉的 206Pb/238Pb年龄为 (126± 2)Ma; 变形花岗斑岩脉为 (124± 1)Ma; 成矿后的闪长玢岩脉为 (125± 1)Ma; 大石头沟黑云母花岗岩为 (124± 1)Ma. 这 4类岩浆岩的年龄在误差允许范围内可基本视为同时代的 . 这一结果揭示 , 排山楼韧性剪切带型金矿床是中生代燕山晚期形成的 , 这与前人采用 Ar Ar法测得矿石蚀变黑云母的年龄 [(124.4± 0.391)Ma]是一致的 . 这表明 , 在中国东部 , 许多产在前寒武系岩层中、受韧性剪切带控制的金矿床形成时代是中生代燕山晚期 . 广泛产在胶东、辽西北票 - 蒙东赤峰、河北张家口和内蒙古乌拉山等地区的金矿床都主要是中生代燕山晚期形成的 , 表明燕山晚期是中国东部最重要的金矿化期 .     

Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii,vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park,Perú

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected...     

金刚石钻进是提高钻探工作效率的最重要途径

苏联国家地质委员会各机关的勘探和普查固体矿产时,钻探费用约占地质勘探总投资的20%。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000332

A huge triangle-shaped tectonic region in eastern Asia plays host to numerous major earthquakes. The three boundaries of this region, which contains plateaus, mountains, and intermountain basins, are roughly the Himalayan arc, the Tianshan-Baikal, and longitude line 105°E. Within this triangular region, tectonism is intense and major deformation occurs both between crustal blocks and within most of them. Outside of this region, rigid blocks move as a whole with relatively few major earthquakes and relatively weak Cenozoic deformation. On a large tectonic scale, the presence of this broad region of intraplate deformation results from dynamic interactions between the Indian, Philippine Sea-West Pacific, and Eurasian plates, as well as the influence of deep-level mantle flow. The Indian subcontinent, which continues to move northwards at 40 mm/a since its collision with Eurasia, has plunged beneath Tibet, resulting in various movements and deformations along the Himalayan arc that diffuse over a long distance into the hinterland of Asia. The northward crustal escape of Asia from the Himalayan collisional zone turns eastwards and southeastwards along 95°–100°E longitude and defines the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. At the western Himalayan syntaxis, the Pamirs continue to move into central Asia, leading to crustal deformation and earthquakes that are largely accommodated by old EW or NW trending faults in the bordering areas between China, Mongolia, and Russia, and are restricted by the stable landmass northwest of the Tianshan-Altai-Baikal region. The subduction of the Philippine and Pacific plates under the Eurasian continent has generated a very long and narrow seismic zone along trenches and island arcs in the marginal seas while imposing only slight horizontal compression on the Asian continent that does not impede the eastward motion of eastern Asia. In the third dimension, there may be southeastward deep mantle flow beneath most of Eurasia that reaches the marginal seas and may contribute to extension along the eastern margin of Eurasia.     

A Petrogenetic Model of Basalts from the Northern Central Indian Ridge:3-11°S

1 Introduction The Northern Central Indian Ridge (NCIR) between 3° and 11°S latitudes is joined to the north with the slow spreading Carlsberg Ridge (CR; ~24–26 mm/a, full spreading rate) and to the south with the intermediate spreading Southern Central Indian Ridge (SCIR; ~50 mm/ a) (Fig. 1). Earlier petrological investigations of the Central Indian Ridge were concentrated either on or along the CR to the north and at the southern end of the CIR up to the Rodriguez Triple Junc…     

The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?

The ca. 126e120 Ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, define the country＇s largest gold province with an overall endowment estimated as＆gt;3000 t Au. The vein and disseminated ores are hosted by NE-to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of ca. 165e150 Ma, deeply emplaced, lower crustal melt granites. The deposits are sited along the faults for many tens of kilometers and the larger orebodies are associated with dilatational jogs. Country rocks to the granites are Pre-cambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks located on both sides of a Triassic suture between the North and South China blocks. During early Mesozoic convergent deformation, the ore-hosting structures developed as ductile thrust faults that were subsequently reactivated during Early Cretaceous ＂Yan-shanian＂intracontinental extensional deformation and associated gold formation. 〈br〉 Classification of the gold deposits remains problematic. Many features resemble those typical of orogenic Au including the linear structural distribution of the deposits, mineralization style, ore and alteration assemblages, and ore fluid chemistry. However, Phanerozoic orogenic Au deposits are formed by prograde metamorphism of accreted oceanic rocks in Cordilleran-style orogens. The Jiaodong de-posits, in contrast, formed within two Precambrian blocks approximately 2 billion years after devolati-lization of the country rocks, and thus require a model that involves alternative fluid and metal sources for the ores. A widespread suite of ca. 130e123 Ma granodiorites overlaps temporally with the ores, but shows a poor spatial association with the deposits. Furthermore, the deposit distribution and mineral-ization style is atypical of ores formed from nearby magmas. The ore concentration requires fluid focusing during some type of sub-crustal thermal event, which could be broadly related to a combination of coeval lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling, paleo-Pacific plate subduction, and seismicity along the continental-scale Tan-Lu fault. Possible ore genesis scenarios include those where ore fluids were produced directly by the metamorphism of oceanic lithosphere and overlying sediment on the subducting paleo-Pacific slab, or by devolatilization of an enriched mantle wedge above the slab. Both the sulfur and gold could be sourced from either the oceanic sediments or the serpentinized mantle. A better understanding of the architecture of the paleo-Pacific slab during Early Cretaceous below the eastern margin of China is essential to determination of the validity of possible models.