2007年新潟县中越近海地震期间柏崎刈羽核电站垂直阵观测的土的非线性行为

2007年新潟县中越近海地震期间柏崎刈羽核电站遭受到极强的震动。该核电站周围密集的地震检波器阵观测到的加速度记录目前已对公众开放,将会提供有价值的资料。基于在主震及前震、余震中观测到的垂直阵记录,利用归一化输入输出最小化(NIOM)方法研究了S波速度随时间的变化。在地表下50m与50～100m的地层中,发现在主震的主运动期间S波速度显著降低,显示了非线性行为。然而在地表100m以下的基岩层中,观测到了近似线性的行为。并且发现在100m以内的地层中,主运动后不久S波速度增大,说明这些地层没有发生较大的液化。最后,基于得到的S波速度研究了剪切模量和剪应变之间的关系。地表层及中间层的归一化剪切模量(G/G0)降低到约0.2(应变水平1×10-3～1×10-2)和0.6(在应变水平1×10-3～2×10-3)。     

Relationship between structures of substituted indolic compounds and their degradation by marine anaerobic microorganisms

Degradation of selected indolic compounds including indole, 1-methylindole, 2-methylindole, and 3-methylindole was assessed under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions using the serum-bottle anaerobic technique and marine sediment from Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong as an inoculum. Our results showed that indole degradation was achieved in 28 days by a methanogenic consortium and 35 days by a sulfate-reducing consortium. During degradation under both conditions, two intermediates were isolated, purified and identified as oxindole and isatin (indole-2,3-dione) suggesting that both methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria use an identical degradation pathway. Degradation processes followed two steps of oxidation accomplished by hydroxylation and then dehydrogenation at 2- and then 3-position sequentially prior to the cleavage of the pyrrole ring between 2- and 3-positions. However, none of 1-methylindole or 2-methylindole was degraded under any conditions. 3-Methylindole (3-methyl-1H-indole, skatole) was transformed under methanogenic conditions and mineralized only under sulfate-reducing conditions. It is clear that methyl substitution on 1- or 2-position inhibits the initial attack by hydroxylation enzymes making them more persistent in the environment and posing longer toxic impact.     

柔性救援机器人的开发和混合力/位置控制

灾难发生后,在废墟中执行搜救任务需要具有细长和柔韧结构的救援机器人,以适应废墟下的复杂结构.本文介绍了一种具有细长和灵活体型的新型腱鞘驱动的柔性救援机器人的结构设计和系统组成.本文提出的机器人可以钻入救援人员和传统的刚性机器人无法进入的狭窄空间或有毒环境.本文分析讨论了带有集成定位和施力监视能力的柔性夹持器的自传感校准...     

Relationship between 500 hPa ridge axis positions over the indian and the west Pacific regions and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall

500 hPa ridge positions over the Indian and the West Pacific regions during April are related with the summer monsoon rainfall over India. The ridge position over the Indian region shows better relation with monsoon rainfall than that shown by the ridge over the Pacific region. The multiple correlation of these ridge positions with monsoon rainfall exceeds 0.7. These predictive relationships are better than those shown by other parameters, viz. (1) Northern Hemispheric surface temperature; (2) East-Pacific sea surface tempera-ture; (3) El-Nino events and (4) Tahiti-Darwin pressure difference, and index of southern oscillation, over the 30-year samples analysed.     

下地壳基性麻粒岩流变强度实验研究

镁铁质基性麻粒岩被认为可能是大陆下地壳的主要组成岩石[1,2],涉及当前地球动力学研究中地壳变形和高原隆升,壳幔边界的力学耦合与拆离,底侵和拆沉作用等一系列地球动力学问题阳[3,4],具有重要的地球动力学意义.大陆下地壳的流变学性质是我们深入认识这些地球深部过程的关键点之一.     

显微拉曼光谱仪在分析和鉴定薄片矿物中的应用

显微拉曼光谱仪是研究薄片中矿物的有用工具。这种技术作为分析微粒矿物的姑构探针的优点已为研究SiO_2和MgSiO_3的同质多象所证实。用拉曼显微探针在原位鉴定了Coconino砂岩薄片中氧化硅的三种同质多象——石英、柯石英和玻璃,还获得了采自同一岩石的斯石英的拉曼光谱。结果表明:冲击作用形成的斯石英是具有金红石结构的高压氧化硅相。MgSiO_3的三种同质多象原顽火辉石、顽火辉石和斜顽辉石的拉曼谱揭示出其结构相似于辉石类链状结构,但空间群不同。每一实例的特征拉曼光谱能用作物相及其定向的“指纹”鉴定。     

哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库简介

建立哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库是CASIN国际项目的一部分,应由中亚各国来共同完成。项目主要目的旨在建立地震学数据库,以作为今后减小哈萨克斯坦共和国地震危险性的工作基础。哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库由下列子系统构成:1)文件输入子系统;2)信息检索和提交子系统;3)信息元数据存储子系统;4)档案库运行控制子系统;5)信息安全子系统。哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库有以下功能:1)永久存储综合信息并上报和收集(记录)其他资料;2)存储数据和资料计算;3)电子文档的长期存储和管理;4)规定序号进行信息查询和文件的联机保证;5)信息统计和…     

页岩中水力压裂扩展的微震机理研究

微震监测技术被广泛应用于衡量水力压裂作用.由于微震释放机制的复杂性,很难获得对其统一的理论认识.基于地震学原理,本文采用物理模拟实验和数值分析方法对页岩水力压裂扩展造成微震的机制进行研究.理论上,岩石破裂过程取决于水力裂纹尖端的应力分布.通过反演得到矩张量的特征方程及其特征值,从而确定震源点的破裂机制.通过真三轴水力压...