中美洲伯利兹陆架区3个孤立的全新世碳酸盐台地的发育

中美洲伯利兹陆架区３个孤立的全新世碳酸盐台地的发育Ｅ．Ｇｉｓｃｈｌｅｒ,Ｊ．Ｈ．Ｈｕｄｓｏｎ在伯利兹生物礁碳酸盐台地中,通过岩心可以识别出４种全新世岩相：珊瑚粘结灰岩相、颗粒砾状灰岩相、未固结的生物礁砂质和砾质以及泥炭质相。（１）珊瑚粘结灰岩相最为丰...     

南极Scotia海Dove山脉形成的火山作用及其岩石学、地球化学和构造环境

本研究对来自DOVE盆地（Scotia海南部）中部火山山脊的拖网样品进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学分析,辅以K—Ar年代学分析。研究区水深2000～3000m,地理坐标范围为59°21～23′S和42°27～31′w。本研究的目的在于,通过比较研究区火成岩和形成Scotia、Antartic—Phoenix洋中脊及南设得兰群岛的火山岩之间的地球化学特征和同位素特征,厘定研究区岩浆形成的地球动力学背景以及岩浆作用的绝对年龄。     

Responses of a Mediterranean soft bottom community to short-term (1993-1996) hydrological changes in the Rhone river

The polychaete fauna of muddy bottoms off the Rhone delta (NW Mediterranean) was seasonally sampled at two sites at 70 m depth, from 1993 to 1996. During this period, five severe flood events occurred. A clustering analysis (distance coefficient of Whittaker) and three way fixed factor ANOVAs (site x season x year) showed strong year-to-year changes in species density and community structure, changes that masked seasonal variations. Total density increased by a factor of 3 and density of most species significantly increased following the first flooding event. Changes in the community structure were due to the successive dominance of a few species. The opportunistic species, such as Cossura sp., Mediomastus sp. and Polycirrus sp., exhibited peaks in density 1-3 months after the flood. These peaks were followed by a drastic decline. For species with a long life span, such as Sternaspis scutata, a slower but continuous increase in density was observed which was maintained for several months. The density fluctuations of these species exhibited a good correlation with river flow with time lags of 1-2 years. The successional dynamics observed are explained according to the geographical origin of the floods and the biology and feeding ecology of species.     

Evidence from heterologous expression of glutathione S-transferases A and A1 of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) that their endogenous role is in detoxification of lipid peroxidation products

cDNA clones for glutathione S-transferases A (GST-A) and A1 (GST-A1) from plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) were expressed as N-terminally 6XHis tagged proteins in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity from Ni-NTA silica. GST-A was an efficient catalyst for conjugation of unsaturated alkenals derived from peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the highest activity observed with trans-non-2-enal (8 micromol min(-1) mg(-1)). GST-A1 was a very efficient Se-independent glutathione peroxidase with an activity towards cumene hydroperoxide of 25 micromol min(-1) mg(-1). Although the enzymes exhibited moderately high activities towards the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) they exhibited little or no activity towards other common prototypical xenobiotic substrates. Together with data for ontogeny, tissue distribution and inducibility of these enzymes, we contend that a primary function of these enzymes is protection from the harmful effects of lipid peroxidation products generated naturally or exacerbated by xenobiotic exposure.     

南非德兰士瓦层序早元古代古土壤和铁质岩中的层状金矿化

在玄武岩表面及上覆的海进沉积层序之底部发育的早元古代古土壤中含有黄铁矿,在某些情况下,这些黄铁矿含金.层状矿化延伸数百公里.虽说这种矿化可用几种成因模式加以解释,但作者得出了这样的结论:即金矿化发生在成壤作用和(或)成岩作用时期.人们认为,富含硫化物的地下水将金自玄武岩和古土壤B层中淋滤出来,随后因HS~-活动的减弱而沉淀.据信,金的沉淀是因大气氧化作用及与古土壤A层富铁淋滤液发生反应而造成的,早先存在的氧化铁矿物的黄铁矿化,亦对金的沉淀产生了影响.可以断定,成壤的金矿胎至少可对维特瓦特斯兰德型(Witwatesrand TyPe)矿床中金的成因作出某些解释.     

在休斯顿使用多传感器检查使管道破裂风险最小化

由于高成本和极具破坏性的特性,紧急管道修复成为被迫选择的措施。1992年,由于糟糕的土质和管道接头的泄露,造成休斯顿Almeda路40英尺长的一段路面发生了塌陷,需要紧急的管道修复。此后,休斯顿公共工程和事业部的工程师立即准备调查13英里的大直径废水管道设施。工程师非常关注NSRT（北部地区清洁改善隧道）段,这段管道带着废水从北部穿过市中心到达该市最大的废水处理厂。当时,大直径管道的调查只能选择人工检查的方式。     

古代海洋沉积物中沉积速度与有机碳总量间的关系(上)

沉积盆地的碳氢化合物潜量取决于是否存在良好的生油岩。石油勘探中的一个主要问题就是要在边远地区的陆上或海洋盆地中建立用于评价生油岩潜力的准则。     

Application of HF radar currents to oil spill modelling

In this work, the benefits of high-frequency (HF) radar currents for oil spill modeling and trajectory analysis of floating objects are analyzed. The HF radar performance is evaluated by means of comparison between a drifter buoy trajectory and the one simulated using a Lagrangian trajectory model. A methodology to optimize the transport model performance and to calculate the search area of the predicted positions is proposed. This method is applied to data collected during the Galicia HF Radar Experience. This experiment was carried out to explore the capabilities of this technology for operational monitoring along the Spanish coast. Two long-range HF radar stations were installed and operated between November 2005 and February 2006 on the Galician coast. In addition, a drifter buoy was released inside the coverage area of the radar. The HF radar currents, as well as numerical wind data were used to simulate the buoy trajectory using the TESEO oil spill transport model. In order to evaluate the contribution of HF radar currents to trajectory analysis, two simulation alternatives were carried out. In the first one, wind data were used to simulate the motion of the buoy. In the second alternative, surface currents from the HF radar were also taken into account. For each alternative, the model was calibrated by means of the global optimization algorithm SCEM-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis) in order to obtain the probability density function of the model parameters. The buoy trajectory was computed for 24 h intervals using a Monte Carlo approach based on the results provided in the calibration process. A bivariate kernel estimator was applied to determine the 95% confidence areas. The analysis performed showed that simulated trajectories integrating HF radar currents are more accurate than those obtained considering only wind numerical data. After a 24 h period, the error in the final simulated position improves using HF radar currents. Averaging the information from all the simulated daily periods, the mean search and rescue area calculated using HF radar currents, is reduced by approximately a 62% in comparison with the search area calculated without these data. These results show the positive contribution of HF radar currents for trajectory analysis, and demonstrate that these data combined with atmospheric forecast models, are of value for trajectory analysis of oil spills or floating objects.     

伯利兹堡岛和孤立台地礁下的末次间冰期礁生长

伯利兹（Ｂｅｌｉｚｅ）现代礁以２５０ｋｍ长的堡礁和３个孤立台地或环礁的形式存在 ,它们是太平洋最大的礁系。伯利兹市北部堡礁后泻湖的深度不超过５ｍ ,而在伯利兹市南部的堡礁南端 ,泻湖的水深＞４０ｍ。在近海孤立台地上从北向南也可以见到这种相似的加深趋势。Ｔｕｒｎｅｆｆｅ群岛和礁内泻湖的最深处≤８ｍ。相反 ,在南部 ,格洛弗（Ｇｌｏｖｅｒｓ）礁的台地内部最大水深达１８ｍ。这个主礁系的深部基底是３个沿被动大陆边缘的或多或少平行的北 -北东向的断块组成的系列。从西向东有安伯格里斯（Ａｍｂｅｒｇｒｉｓ）礁岛岸线趋势、…     

自相似和自仿射分形裂纹力学

研究了断裂面分形特征的力学特征，同时研究了自相似和自仿射分形裂纹尖端附近应力和应变的奇异性结构，讨论了二维和三维固体中分形裂纹的3种经典断裂型式和第四种断裂型式。发现分形断裂力学中有6种断裂型式。同时，结果表明J积分与路径有关。阐明了文献中提出修改的、且被证明与路径无关的，积分仅局部与路径无关，而且没有物理意义。可以推测，分形，积分应当是单位裂纹扩展分形测度的势能释放率。我们计算了某些应变硬化材料中分形裂纹应力知应变奇异性的幂。结果显示，分形裂纹尖端的应力和应变比光滑裂纹的应力和应变有较弱的奇异性。