中国原生金刚石的碳同位素组成及其来源

中国两大主要的原生金刚石产地--山东蒙阴和辽宁复县产出有大量的高质量金刚石.通过对这些纯净金刚石碳同位索组成的激光消熔质谱分析,发现这些地区单颗粒金刚石普遍存在碳同位素组成环带,而且含固态矿物包裹体的金刚石比不含包裹体的金刚石的环带结构更为明显;同时揭示了形成这些金刚石的碳来源于地幔深部,即幔源碳,而无来自地表的由重循环作用形成的壳源碳.     

ECMWF预报模式在不同地形方案下的系统误差检验

Wallace等的研究表明,由于引进了包络地形方案,欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的中期天气预报有所改善。本文是上述工作的继续。所用的资料为原作者的数值试验结果。检验的对象包括纬向平均风场、温度场和经圈环流,及不同波数域中的涡旋和经圈环流对角动量的平均经向输送。结果表明,在冬季,包络地形方案对低纬地区的温度场和风场的预报略有改进,对总涡旋动量通量的模拟也较好。然而对天气尺度系统的预报和对热带对流及积云摩擦的参数化却有待更进一步改善。     

Magnetic Field Strengths and Structures from Radio Observations of Solar Active Regions

Radio observations of some active regions (ARs) obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph at λ=1.76cm are used for estimating the magnetic field strength in the upper chromosphere, based on thermal bremsstrahlung. The results are compared with the magnetic field strength in the photosphere from observations with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) at Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The difference in the magnetic field strength between the two layers seems reasonable. The solar radio maps of active regions obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph, both in total intensity (I-map) and in circular polarizations (V-map), are compared with the optical magnetograms obtained with the SMFT. The comparison between the radio map in circular polarization and the longitudinal photospheric magnetogram of a plage region suggest that the radio map in circular polarization is a kind of magnetogram of the upper chromosphere. The comparison of the radio map in total intensity with the photospheric vector magnetogram of an AR shows that the radio map in total intensity gives indications of magnetic loops in the corona, thus we have a method of defining the coronal magnetic structure from the radio I-maps at λ=1.76 cm. Analysing the I-maps, we identified three components: (a) a compact bright source; (b) a narrow elongated structure connecting two main magnetic islands of opposite polarities (observed in both the optical and radio magnetograms); (c) a wide, diffuse, weak component that corresponds to a wide structure in the solar active region which shows in most cases an S or a reversed S contour, which is probably due to the differential rotation of the Sun. The last two components suggest coronal loops on different spatial scales above the neutral line of the longitudinal photospheric magnetic field.     

THE TSINAN INTRUSIVE.

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION. "One of the striking features in the Tsinan plain is a group ofisolated hillocks standing up boldly from it. Though mainly overgrown withvegetation, they are distinguishable by ther shape and dark colour from thelight-grey tabular limestone islands which for the last outposts pushedforward by the mountains lying to the south."     

卸载条件下岩石样品声发射的研究

在地质介质总的重力压缩的背景上可以划分出两组相遇方向的作用，它们是岩石的附加荷载(例如，依赖沉积层的堆积或者构造压应力的增长)的减荷，后者表现为压应力减小至零，甚至改变符号。在笔者1971年的文章中，研究了天然卸载的一些机制问题(由于正地形遭受的侵蚀切割，构造地块相对于周围地区上升运动的结果。构造压应力位减小时出现的情况)。     

美国加州帕克菲尔德附近的土耳基平地场地效应试验区的弱运动观测和模拟

为了测定弱运动场地响应的稳定性和试验土工技术测量预测场地响应的能力,在穿过加州帕克菲尔德附近的土耳基平地(Turkey Flat)场地效应试验区的一些场地,对经验转换函数和理论场地放大作用函数进行了比较。用傅里叶振幅频谱比方法,对给定场地测定了相对于基岩参考场地的观测场地响应。进行了两种单独的研究:剖面研究和特定场地研究。相隔2km的两个横跨谷地岩石的台站之间的表面基岩场地响应差异不超过30％。在剖面研究中,在距试验区的谷地上间隔100m的一些场地使用的探测器间隔为10和20m。跨过10m的探测器间隔,表面硬土场地响应可重复测得,差异不超过30％。在硬土场地响应中,对于20m的探测器间隔,存在偶尔出现的显著变化,在10～20Hz频带内可差2至3倍。在硬土场地响应中,对于探测器间隔为100m时存在系统的变化,在5～20Hz频带内相对于土层厚度的变化可差3至10倍。在土耳基平地发现了特定场地弱运动平均频谱比和其标准偏差,可用作硬土条件强运动转换函数的经验预测值。使用由计算机程序SHAKE得到的相对放大作用函数模拟了观测的转换函数。使用接近原地测量的阻尼值,比使用实验室实验测定的阻尼值获得了共振峰值振幅更好的拟合。土耳基平地标准土工技术模型的不精确性(Real,1988),导致了计算的弱运动转换函数与观测的弱运动转换函数相比的不精确性。观测转换函数的模拟表明,模型拟合对5％的S波速度变化敏感。土耳基平地现场测量S波速度有10％～20％的误差。这一情况表明,仅仅根据现场土工技术的测量,对弱运动的精确和一致的预测是不可能的。     

利用信息理论装置组织地下水监测

本文旨在探讨复杂自然．技术系统（生态—地质，生态．水文地质，等）的监测问题。监测概念包括用于研究和预报目标状态的观测系统和信息搜集系统，其目的作出调整这种状态到最佳的管理决议。此外，赞成В．H．IIIecTaXOB的观点，即地下水监测的模拟定位是组织地下水监测的主要方法原理之一。该方法是指观测网的最佳布局，它可以不断确定和校正预报模型，提高其可靠性和精度。[第一段]     

Current and thermohaline characteristics of the Arabian Sea during January 1998

Based on a ship survey during January 1998, the characteristics of the flow, the thermohaline properties and the volume transport of the Arabian Sea are discussed. A strong westward flow exists between 10.5?N and 11?N, part of which turns to the south as the Somali current near the coast at about 10?N and the rest turns north. At the passage between the African continent and the So- cotra Island, the northern branch separates into two flows: the left one enters the passage and the right one flows eastward along the southern slope of the island. Off the island the flow separates once more, most of it meandering northeast and a small fraction flow- ing southeast. Volume transport calculation suggests that the tidal transport is one or two orders of magnitude smaller than the total transport in this region and it becomes more important near the coast. The average velocity of the flow in the upper layer (0-150 m) is about 20 cm s-1, with a maximum of 53 cm s-1 appearing east of the Socotra Island, and the subsurface layer (200-800 m) has an aver- age velocity of 8.6 cm s-1; the velocity becomes smaller at greater depths. The depth of the seasonal thermocline is about 100 m, above which there is a layer with well mixed temperature and dissolved oxygen. High-salinity and oxygen-rich water appears near the surface of the northern Arabian Sea; a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at 100 m depth along 8?N testifies the subduction of surface water from the northern Arabian Sea. Waters from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf also influence the salinity of the area.     

污染泥堆场处置中自重固结与污染物迁移的耦合分析

基于一维固结方程和对流-弥散方程,提出了一种用于污染泥堆场处置中自重固结与污染物迁移耦合问题的求解方法,其中,自重固结方程由解析解直接求解,污染物迁移方程由显示差分法求解。在自重固结方面,新方法可考虑线性的压缩关系和渗透关系;在污染物迁移方面,新方法能够考虑对流、扩散、机械弥散、线性和非线性吸附以及孔隙率相依的有效扩散系数。新方法与CST1数值模型进行了对比,验证了新方法的正确性。基于所提出的解,分析了固结效应、压缩系数、渗透系数和污染物初始分布形式对污染物在淤泥中迁移过程的影响。计算结果表明:固结效应、压缩性、渗透性和污染物的初始分布形式对污染物的迁移过程有着显著的影响;固结效应能显著地加速污染物的流出;土体的压缩系数越大其污染物累计流出质量越大;土体的渗透系数越大其污染物累计流出质量越大;污染物的初始分布形式对污染物的流出速率影响较大。