Simplified approach for design of raft foundations against fault rupture. Part Ⅱ： soil-structure interaction

This is the second paper of two, which describe the results of an integrated research effort to develop a four-step simplified approach for design of raft foundations against dip-slip （normal and thrust） fault rupture. The first two steps dealing with fault rupture propagation in the free-field were presented in the companion paper. This paper develops an approximate analytical method to analyze soil-foundation-structure interaction （SFSI）, involving two additional phenomena： （i） fault rupture diversion （Step 3）; and （ii） modification of the vertical displacement profile （Step 4）. For the first phenomenon （Step 3）, an approximate energy-based approach is developed to estimate the diversion of a fault rupture due to presence of a raft foundation. The normalized critical load for complete diversion is shown to be a function of soil strength, coefficient of earth pressure at rest, bedrock depth, and the horizontal position of the foundation relative to the outcropping fault rupture. For the second phenomenon （Step 4）, a heuristic approach is proposed, which ＂scans＂ through possible equilibrium positions to detect the one that best satisfies force and moment equilibrium. Thus, we account for the strong geometric nonlinearities that govern this interaction, such as uplifting and second order （P-△） effects. Comparisons with centrifuge-validated finite element analyses demonstrate the efficacy of the method. Its simplicity makes possible its utilization for preliminary design.     

中国现代最新地球动力学和地震活动性

本文介绍了中国大陆最新与现代构造活动性资料。力图查明这些资料与地震活动性的联系,并提出假设,解释以东经105°为界的中国东部和西部断块间构造过程存在差异的可能原因。     

Analysis on the decadal scale variation of the dust storm in North China

Dust storm is a disastrous weather that can cause serious environmental consequences and hazards. It causes excessive soil mass and nutrient loss in source areas, and air pollution in deposition area, which result in bad influence on agriculture, industry, traffic, and peoples’ daily life[1-4]. Dust storm can also affect the thermal balance of planetary radiation and then lead to meso- to macroscale climatic modification[5-7]. North- west China and North China are two high-frequency centers …     

An integrated decision method for prediction of tropical cyclone movement by using genetic algorithm

Typhoon disaster is one of the most influentialnatural disasters. The strong storm surge of Bangla-desh cyclone, which happened in November 1970,resulted in 300000 deaths. Asia and the western Pa-cific can be regarded as an area where is affected mostseverely by the disasters of tropical storms[1]. Themost important thing is to improve the accuracy oftyphoon tracks prediction internationally. Lande-sea,C.[2] pointed out that for a successful forecast oftropic cyclone (TC) tracks, it is not …     

Multifield coupling model and its applications for pile foundation in permafrost

In the construction of Qinghai-Tibet railway,to avoid diseases caused by frost heave and thaw col-lapse of frozen ground,besides the normal bridges over the rivers,a lot of dry bridge structures have been built to replace subgrade in the regions of high tem-perature and high ice content frozen soil.So,the problems on forming mechanism of bearing capacity of pile foundation in cold regions already become one of hot spot problems in frozen soil engineering.Freezing force and frost heave force ar…     

香港一富营养河港内的底泥耗氧和营养盐释放

Tolo Harbour has received massive discharges of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes and cottage industrial effluents, via three river systems, in the past two decades before the mid Eighties. The Harbour is almost land locked and poorly flushed. The soft sediment acted as a sink for nutrients and organic pollutants. After a decade of efforts in establishing and enforcing water pollution control legislations and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, the sediments have turned into sources of nutrients and exert a measurable oxygen demand upon the overlying waters. In vitro measurements showed that the sediments oxygen demand (SOD) was between 17.6 and 54.3 mgo₂ · m^-2 · h^-1. The maximum rates of release of ortho-phosphate phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were 15.0 and 206.0 mg · m^-2 · h^-1, respectively.     

乌兹别克斯坦东部地震预报实验场的地面倾斜异常信息

引言在我国及国外进行的实地及室验室研究证明了在地震破裂前的阶段形变场内存在异常变化〔１,２〕。但预报地震的现状离最终达到的目标还很遥远。从经常在震后回顾性分析中识别出前兆异常过渡到震前依据观测到的异常变化实施真实的地震预报是存在许多困难的。原因是对解题计算法的研究很薄弱,并缺乏可以判断某种预报计算法效能的准则。因此,为了客观评价前兆效应的信息量、揭示最稳定的证明地震孕育的标志、研究在各种观测条件下前兆的时空特征并编制预报计算法,就需要加工处理多年的动态观测资料,这已成为当前用形变方法预报地震的迫…     

海底电缆多次波压制方法研究

多次波一直是影响地震处理与解释的主要因素之一.本文基于表层相关多次波衰减(Surface Related Multiple Elimination,SRME)理论,对其进行一定的改造,使其可以预测出海底电缆(Ocean Bottom Cable,OBC)数据中所有与表层相关的多次波,而后将预测出的多次波自适应减去.本文对OBC波场,OBC多次波的压制方法给出了介绍,对SRME方法压制OBC多次波理论给出了详尽的阐述.利用SRME理论预测OBC多次波完全数据驱动,不需要地下介质的任何信息,理论数据验证了方法的有效性.     

Comparison of manual and automatic methods for measurement of methane emission from rice paddy fields

The methane emission flux from rice paddies was simultaneously measured with automatic and manual methods in the suburban of Suzhou. Both methods were based on the static chamber/ GC-FID techniques. Detail analysis of the experimental results indicates: a) The data of methane emission measured with the automatic method is reliable. b) About 11 or 19 o’clock of local time is recommended as the optimum sampling time for the manual spot measurement of methane emission from rice paddies. The methane emission fluxes measured by manual sampling at local time other than the optimum time have to be corrected. The correction coefficient may be determined by automatic and continuous measurement. c) In order to get a more accurate result, an empirical correction factor, such as 18%, is recommended to correct the seasonally total amount of measured methane emission by enlarging the au-tomatically measured data or reducing the manually measured ones.     

华

利用1980～1994年NCEP/NCAR月平均高度场和我国测站降水量资料,通过奇异值分解方法探讨了华北汛期降水与500,200 hPa欧亚中高纬大气环流异常的关系,得到与华北汛期旱涝有关的两类异常环流型。