华南（东）变质基底特征、古构造型式及铀、金矿化远景

华南（东）变质基底由杨子及华夏两块不同特征的地质体组成，中元古代之后，该地区分别经过了碰撞对接、拉开、再拼贴的演化过程。碰撞对接带和在古裂谷系基础上成型的陆内推覆及平移、剪切型拼贴带构成了本区基底构造主要型式。铀及金矿远景与基底特征关系密切，铀矿主要产于基底裂隆带部位，金则主要产于裂凹（裂陷）带部位。古基底构造交叉部位是中新生代构造活动活跃部位，受其控制的早期横向火山裂谷盆地，在晚期拉张条件下形成的岩浆杂岩带是铀、金、多金属成矿最佳远景区。     

丘陵草坡土壤10Be分布特征及土壤生成速率

以位于广东省境内的中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合试验站草坡集水区土壤剖面为对象, 对土壤样品进行了大气成因¹⁰Be测定, 对基岩以及风化岩石样品进行了就地(in-situ)宇宙成因¹⁰Be测定. 基于土壤层大气成因¹⁰Be测定, 参考土壤层底界¹⁴C表观年龄, 估算出草坡地区3800年以来大约有34%的成土物质被侵蚀掉; 基于风化岩石间隙土大气成因¹⁰Be测定, 估算得到基岩之上90 cm厚的风化岩石层至少经历了1.36 Ma, 平均侵蚀速率约为1.26×10^-4 cm/a. 表面风化岩石和基岩就地成因¹⁰Be浓度分别为10.7×10⁴ atoms/g和 8.31×10⁴ atoms/g, 据此估算得到: 土壤生成速率为8.8×10^-4 cm/a; 表层风化岩石以及基岩宇宙射线暴露时间分别约为7.2×10⁴和2.3×10⁵a. 土壤生成速率大于侵蚀速率, 自然地貌状况稳定.     

探测冰盖和多年冻土层的融冰探头研发

The exploration of ice sheets by melting vertical holes into the ground has some tradition in terrestrial glaciology. Such probes have been used since the 1960's to investigate the vertical structure of the ice in Greenland and Antarctica and in alpine glaciers. In this paper we look into the possibility to develop similar devices for use on extraterrestrial icy bodies, like e.g. the polar areas on Mars or the icy satellites of the outer solar system. We report on some basic experiments performed in the cryo-vacuum laboratory of the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz. In these experiments the penetration of a simple melting probe into compact and porous water ice (with a snow-like texture) was monitored, both under vacuum conditions and under air pressure. The observed penetration speeds for a given power supply are compared with a simple mathematical model. We conclude that a miniature melting probe with small overall dimensions and a reasonable power demand could well be part of the payload of a future planetary mission, for example to the poles of Mars. Such missions are currently under discussion in several space agencies. Moreover such probes could also e? ectively be used in terrestrial environments. A possible design is presented at the end of the paper.     

中国的重复性地震事件

从1985年到2000年间，中国及其邻近地区大约10％的地震事件属于重复性地震事件，并且彼此间不超过1km。我们对约14000个地震和爆炸的地震图做互相关，计算了相对到时约0．01 s，并使横向定位精度达到了100m～300m。这样的精度对于地震危险性研究、地震物理、禁止核试验的核查都非常重要。通过对已有的资料重复性信号的识别和测量，提高了定位精度，改进了在读取初至到时和定位方面目前程序的不精确性。     

地震火山相互作用

新近的测量、统计分析和模型都支持大地震可以在出人意料的大距离和时间尺度上触发后续火山喷发的猜想。     

河流和水井对地震的反应

地震引起的地壳形变和地面振动可通过地表沉积层的固结、固体岩石的破裂、含水层的变形以及裂隙填充物的清除改变河流和井水位。虽然局部条件会影响反应的类型和幅度，但报道水文对地震反应的观测报告说明，出现河流和井水位变化的最大距离与地震震级有关。地震引起的河流变化可在距震中几十到数百千米的区域内观察到，而井水位的变化可在距震中几百至几千千米的区域内出现。     

Ninth International Symposium on River Sedimentation （Oct. 18-12, 2004, Yichang, China）

The Ninth International Symposium on River Sedimentation (9^th ISRS) has been successfully held on Oct. 18 to 21, 2004 at the site of the partially completed Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River near Yichang of Hubei Province, China. The Symposium is organized by the Ministry of Water Resources,     

INAUGURATION OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH （WASER）

The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research, the name of which has been abbreviated to WASER, was inaugurated on 19 Oct. 2004 during the 9^th International Symposium on River Sedimentation in Yichang, China. Dr. Des Walling, the President of the new Association,     

Electron microscopy study of the sakhaite from endogenous borate deposit in Hunan, China

Sakhaite was first discovered by Ostrovskaya, Pertsev and Nikitina at Siberia in the former Soviet Union. By using the X-ray diffraction technique, they proved that the crystal system of sakhaite was cubic (a = 1.464 nm), its possible space groups were Fm3m, F432, F43m, Fm3, F23, and its crystal chemical for-mula was Ca48Mg16(CO3)16(BO3)28Cl4(OH)8 4H2O[1]. Chichagov, Simonov and Belov studied the crystal structure of synthetic sakhaite and determined that its space group was F4132, …     

A comparative study on the illite crystallinity and the clay mineral reflectance spectral index for subdividing the very low-grade metamorphic belt along the Lizhou-Hekou geological section in the Youjiang sedimentary basin, Guangxi, China

To examine the application potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in classifying very low-grade metamorphic belts, the composition of clay minerals and the cyrstallinity of illite from mudstones were measured using XRD and VIS-SWIR (400-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Based on the illite cyrstallinity, Kubler Index (KI), the Early Triassic LuoLou Group and the Middle Triassic lower Baifeng Formation were classified as the lower Epizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.22 to 0.25, the upper Baifeng Formation as upper anchizone with KI△2θ°ranging from 0.26 to 0.33, and the Hekou Formation as lower anchizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.38 to 0.40. According to a KI△2θ° value of 0.43, it is possible that there may exist a local diagenetic zone in the upper strata. The illite cyrstallinity Kubler index and the metamorphic grade increase from the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sequence. The metamorphic grade boundaries nearly match the stratigraphic boundaries, indicating a burial metamorphism nature for the stratigraphic sequence. From the bottom to the top of the sequence, the spectral absorption band center of clay minerals from fresh rocks is around 2200 nm. The absorption band centers change towards shorter wavelengths: the Luolou Group being at 2220 nm, the Baifeng Formation at 2217-2213 nm, the lower member of the Hekou Formation at 2214-2206 nm, and the upper member of the Hekou Formation at 2205-2197 nm. The spectral absorption band center of illite shows the same change pattern. These results indicate that very low-grade metamorphic belts can be subdivided using spectral indices of clay minerals, which are measured by using field portable spectroradiometers. However, it may not work well with satellite and airborne sensors.