Магнитогидро динамическая ротационная модель взрыва сверхновой

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Моду ляционная неустойчивость нелинейньiх волн в релятявистской плазме с учетом нелинейного затухания ландау

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турбулентноштб в космологии

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准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷西斜坡二叠系佳木河组物源区构造背景分析*

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷西斜坡二叠系佳木河组物源体系一直备受争议,导致沉积体系“众说纷纭”。利用聚类分析、多维尺度分析及主成分分析等方法,对重矿物含量、微量元素进行分析,明确了沙湾凹陷西斜坡二叠系佳木河组砂砾岩碎屑颗粒富石英(35.41%)、长石(43.2%),贫岩屑(18.71%)。稀土元素总量(ΣREE)平均值139×10^-6接近大陆上地壳(UCC)的平均值148.14×10^-6,Hf-La/Th微量元素物源判别图解和La/Sc-Co/Th值表明佳木河组属于酸性岛弧区。稀土配分模式表现为右倾分布模式,整体上具有“轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损”的特征,指示源岩以长英质火山岩为主,即“一源”。在同一物源下,又可以分为4个物源区:新光1井—中佳6井物源区,车排10井—中佳5井—中佳4井—中佳3井物源区,车排7井—车排005井体系物源区,车排5井物源区,即“四区”。构造背景判别图解揭示了佳木河组形成于大陆岛弧环境。该研究将有助于对沙湾凹陷西斜坡的沉积体系及古水系的准确恢复和远景区油气储集层的准确预测。     

近500年来咸海湖泊沉积记录的环境演变

过去的五十年里,作为曾经世界第四大湖泊的咸海面积急剧萎缩,环境质量严重下降并对大部分中亚地区造成了灾难性的影响.咸海的水位下降过程虽然历时相对较短却变化显著,为了了解这一变化的详细过程,1997年从咸海北部湖盆采集了AS17孔浅钻岩芯.通过对该岩芯的矿物学、介形虫、孢粉等沉积环境指标综合分析,结果表明岩芯在矿物学特征及生物特征上的一系列显著变化,揭示了过去近500年中咸海的沉积环境经历了含盐量增加-下降-再增加三个明显的阶段,并为15世纪咸海的干旱提供了新的证据.     

锡霍特-阿林北部地区中生代Zhuravlevka-Amur和Kiselevka-Manoma杂岩的古地磁学和地球动力学（英文）

<正>The paper considers the formation history of geological structures flanking the northwestern Pacific Ocean.The original paleomagnetic data are given on Cretaceous rocks of the Utitsa and Kiselevka formations of the Northern     

世界水资源和用水:当代评价和未来展望

1990～1996,俄罗斯国立水文研究所的科学家,在本文作者的科学指导下,对世界水资源、用水和可用水量的动态变化作了新的综合评价,也对其未来状况进行了预测。依据世界水文站网资料,简明地给出了世界各洲、不同自然地理和经济区,以及一些选定国家的可更新水资源动态数据;给出了满足人口、工农业需要的全球用水量,以及本世纪和未来(2000、2010和2025年)的动态可利用水量;分析了世界水资源、用水和可利用水量变化的长期趋势,后者与气候因素和社会经济因素的有关。本项研究成果将以专着《21世纪初期世界水资源》于1999年由剑桥大学出版社出版。     

Professional conduct of scientists during volcanic crises

Stress during volcanic crises is high, and any friction between scientists can distract seriously from both humanitarian and scientific effort. Friction can arise, for example, if team members do not share all of their data, if differences in scientific interpretation erupt into public controversy, or if one scientist begins work on a prime research topic while a colleague with longer-standing investment is still busy with public safety work. Some problems arise within existing scientific teams; others are brought on by visiting scientists. Friction can also arise between volcanologists and public officials. Two general measures may avert or reduce friction: (a) National volcanologic surveys and other scientific groups that advise civil authorities in times of volcanic crisis should prepare, in advance of crises, a written plan that details crisis team policies, procedures, leadership and other roles of team members, and other matters pertinent to crisis conduct. A copy of this plan should be given to all current and prospective team members. (b) Each participant in a crisis team should examine his or her own actions and contribution to the crisis effort. A personal checklist is provided to aid this examination. Questions fall generally in two categories: Are my presence and actions for the public good? Are my words and actions collegial, i.e., courteous, respectful, and fair? Numerous specific solutions to common crisis problems are also offered. Among these suggestions are: (a) choose scientific team leaders primarily for their leadership skills; (b) speak publicly with a single scientific voice, especially when forecasts, warnings, or scientific disagreements are involved; (c) if you are a would-be visitor, inquire from the primary scientific team whether your help would be welcomed, and, in general, proceed only if the reply is genuinely positive; (d) in publications, personnel evaluations, and funding, reward rather than discourage teamwork. Models are available from the fields of particle physics and human genetics, among others.     

策勒绿洲与荒漠交错带达木沟剖面地化元素分布与古气候

策勒绿洲与荒漠交错带的达木沟剖面地化元素的分布及古气候意义的研究表明,虽然近四千来来气候的干旱状况持续未变,但其间仍有若干次相对湿润与干旱化加剧的波动。以２００ａＢＰ为界,其前以相对湿润为主,而其后则以持续干旱为主要特征,且存在三次干旱化程度加剧时期,即１５００ａＢＰ,１２００ａＢＰ和１０００ａＢＰ。     

艾比湖流域农田土壤重金属的环境风险及化学形态研究

采集土壤样品,测定8种重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的总量及各形态含量,然后采用多种方法并结合土壤背景值进行分析。结果表明：艾比湖流域农田土壤中8种重金属的含量值均未超过国家土壤质量二级标准的限值, 8种重金属可以辨识为2个主成分,重金属Cd、Hg、Pb和Zn的较高风险区主要分布在研究区的中部,重金属As、Cr、Cu和Ni的较高风险区主要分布在研究区南部靠近荒漠、山地以及研究区边缘区域,重金属As、Cr和Ni均以残渣态为主,其他形态含量较低。农田土壤中重金属的生物毒性以Cb为最大,Pb和Hg次之。