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41.
近年来,银额盆地哈日凹陷的油气勘探呈现出良好的态势,但对于哈日凹陷油气成藏条件相关研究甚少,已不能满足目前油气勘探开发的需求。本研究基于钻录井、地球物理、分析化验等资料,系统分析哈日凹陷油气成藏的烃源岩、储层、圈闭等条件,总结油气成藏条件配置关系,以期为哈日凹陷的后续油气勘探及地质研究提供依据。哈日凹陷主要发育三套烃源岩,其中银根组烃源岩有机质丰度极高,成熟度较低,有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型;巴二段烃源岩有机质丰度较高,成熟-高成熟,有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型;巴一段烃源岩有机质丰度中等,成熟-高成熟,有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型。储层类型为砂(砾)岩常规储层、碳酸质泥岩非常规储层和火山岩储层,且均属于特低孔超低渗储层,其中砂、砾岩储层和灰质泥岩储层物性最好,白云岩储层和火成岩储层次之,目前主力油藏主要集中在砂、砾岩储层和灰质泥岩储层这两种类型中。哈日凹陷主要发育两套岩性圈闭,即巴一段砂岩岩性圈闭和巴二段泥岩岩性圈闭,形成了源内(准)连续成藏模式和近源不连续成藏模式。 相似文献
42.
Marco?HerweghEmail author Alfons?Berger 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2003,145(5):600-611
Normal grain growth of calcite was investigated by combining grain size analysis of calcite across the contact aureole of the Adamello pluton, and grain growth modeling based on a thermal model of the surroundings of the pluton. In an unbiased model system, i.e., location dependent variations in temperature-time path, 2/3 and 1/3 of grain growth occurs during pro- and retrograde metamorphism at all locations, respectively. In contrast to this idealized situation, in the field example three groups can be distinguished, which are characterized by variations in their grain size versus temperature relationships: Group I occurs at low temperatures and the grain size remains constant because nano-scale second phase particles of organic origin inhibit grain growth in the calcite aggregates under these conditions. In the presence of an aqueous fluid, these second phases decay at a temperature of about 350 °C enabling the onset of grain growth in calcite. In the following growth period, fluid-enhanced group II and slower group III growth occurs. For group II a continuous and intense grain size increase with T is typical while the grain growth decreases with T for group III. None of the observed trends correlate with experimentally based grain growth kinetics, probably due to differences between nature and experiment which have not yet been investigated (e.g., porosity, second phases). Therefore, grain growth modeling was used to iteratively improve the correlation between measured and modeled grain sizes by optimizing activation energy (Q), pre-exponential factor (k0) and grain size exponent (n). For n=2, Q of 350 kJ/mol, k0 of 1.7×1021 mns–1 and Q of 35 kJ/mol, k0 of 2.5×10-5 mns–1 were obtained for group II and III, respectively. With respect to future work, field-data based grain growth modeling might be a promising tool for investigating the influences of secondary effects like porosity and second phases on grain growth in nature, and to unravel differences between nature and experiment.Editorial responsibility: J. Hoefs 相似文献
43.
Vladica Cvetkovi? Suzana Eri? Ma?a Radivojevi? Kristina ?ari? 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2012,106(3-4):131-150
The study focuses on clinopyroxene from mantle xenolith-bearing East Serbian basanites and suggests that dissolution of mantle orthopyroxene played an important role in at least some stages of the crystallization of these alkaline magmas. Five compositional types of clinopyroxene are distinguished, some of them having different textural forms: megacrysts (Type-A), green/colourless-cored phenocrysts (Type-B), overgrowths and sieve-textured cores (Type-C), rims and matrix clinopyroxene (Type-D), and clinopyroxene from the reaction rims around orthopyroxene xenocrysts (Type-E). Type-A is high-Al diopside that probably crystallized at near-liquidus conditions either directly from the host basanite or from compositionally similar magmas in previous magmatic episodes. Type-B cores show high VIAl/IVAl≥1 and low Mg# of mostly <75 and are interpreted as typical xenocrysts. Type-C, D and E are interpreted as typical cognate clinopyroxene. Type-D has Mg#<78, Al2O3?=?6–13?wt.%, TiO2?=?1.5–4.5?wt.%, and Na2O?=?0.4–0.8?wt.% and compositionally similar clinopyroxene is calculated by MELTS as a phase in equilibrium with the last 30?% of melt starting from the average host lava composition. Type-C has Mg#?=?72–89, Al2O3?=?4.5–9.5?wt.%, TiO2?=?1–2.5?wt.%, Na2O?=?0.35–1?wt.% and Cr2O3?=?0.1–1.5?wt.%. This clinopyroxene has some compositional similarities to Type-E occurring exclusively around mantle orthopyroxene. Cr/Al vs Al/Ti and Cr/Al vs Na/Ti plots revealed that Type-C clinopyroxene can crystallize from a mixture of the host basanite magma and 2–20?wt.% mantle orthopyroxene. Sieve-textured Type-C crystals show characteristics of experimentally produced skeletal clinopyroxene formed by orthopyroxene dissolution suggesting that crystallization of Type-C was both texturally and compositionally controlled by orthopyroxene breakdown. According to FeO/MgOcpx/melt modelling the first clinopyroxene precipitating from the host basanite was Type-A (T?~?1250?°C, p?~?1.5?GPa). Dissolution of orthopyroxene produced decreasing FeO/MgOmelt and crystallization of Type-E and sieve-textured Type-C clinopyroxene (0.3–0.8?GPa and 1200–1050?°C). The melt composition gradually shifted towards higher FeO/MgOmelt ratios precipitating more evolved Type-C and Type-D approaching near-solidus conditions (<0.3?GPa; ~950?°C). 相似文献
44.
Dauphiné twinning and texture memory in polycrystalline quartz. Part 3: texture memory during phase transformation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hans-Rudolf?WenkEmail author N.?Barton M.?Bortolotti S.?C.?Vogel M.?Voltolini G.?E.?Lloyd G.?B.?Gonzalez 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(10):567-583
Samples of quartz-bearing rocks were heated above the α (trigonal)–β (hexagonal) phase transformation of quartz (625–950°C)
to explore changes in preferred orientation patterns. Textures were measured both in situ and ex situ with neutron, synchrotron
X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction. The trigonal–hexagonal phase transformation does not change the orientation of
c- and a-axes, but positive and negative rhombs become equal in the hexagonal β-phase. In naturally deformed quartzites measured by
neutron diffraction a perfect texture memory was observed, i.e. crystals returned to the same trigonal orientation they started
from, with no evidence of twin boundaries. Samples measured by electron back-scattered diffraction on surfaces show considerable
twinning and memory loss after the phase transformation. In experimentally deformed quartz rocks, where twinning was induced
mechanically before heating, the orientation memory is lost. A mechanical model can explain the memory loss but so far it
does not account for the persistence of the memory in quartzites. Stresses imposed by neighboring grains remain a likely cause
of texture memory in this mineral with a very high elastic anisotropy. If stresses are imposed experimentally the internal
stresses are released during the phase transformation and the material returns to its original state prior to deformation.
Similarly, on surfaces there are no tractions and thus texture memory is partially lost. 相似文献
45.
Irina?ZhukovaEmail author Hugh?O’Neill Ian?H.?Campbell 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(7):53
Diffusion of Al in synthetic forsterite was studied at atmospheric pressure from 1100 to 1500 °C in air along [100] with activities of SiO2, MgO and Al2O3 (aSiO2, aMgO and aAl2O3) buffered. At low aSiO2, the buffer was forsterite + spinel + periclase (fo + sp + per) at all temperatures, while at high aSiO2 and subsolidus conditions a variety of three-phase assemblages containing forsterite and two other phases from spinel, cordierite, protoenstatite or sapphirine were used at 1100–1350 °C. Experiments at high aSiO2 and 1400 °C used forsterite + protoenstatite + melt (fo + en + melt), and at 1500 °C, fo + melt. The resulting diffusion profiles were analysed by LA–ICP–MS in scanning mode. Diffusion profiles in the high aSiO2 experiments were generally several hundred microns in length, but diffusion at low aSiO2 was three orders of magnitude slower than in high aSiO2 experiments carried out at the same temperature, producing short profiles only a few microns in length and close to the spatial resolution of the analytical method. Interface concentrations of Al in the forsterite, obtained by extrapolating the diffusion profiles to the crystal/buffer interface, were only a fraction of those expected at equilibrium, and varied among the differing buffer assemblages according to (aAl2O3)1/2 and (aSiO2)3/4, pointing to the substitution of Al in forsterite by an octahedral-site, vacancy-coupled (OSVC) component with the stoichiometry Al 4/3 3+ vac2/3SiO4, whereas the main substitution expected from previous equilibrium studies would be the coupled substitution of 2 Al for Mg + Si, giving the stoichiometry MgAl2O4. It is proposed that this latter substitution is not seen on the length scales of the present experiments because it requires replacement of Si by Al on tetrahedral sites, and is accordingly rate-limited by the slow diffusivity of Si. Instead, diffusion of Al by the OSVC mechanism is relatively fast, and at high aSiO2, even faster than Fe–Mg interdiffusion. 相似文献
46.
In Europe, the Wide Wheel abrasion (WWA) test and the B?hme abrasion (BA) test are among the most widely used standard test
methods for determining abrasion resistance of natural stones, the former being the reference test method in EN 14157 Standard.
However, it is stated in the Annex-A (Informative) of EN 14157 Standard that very limited data are available to provide correlations
between these two test methods. To be able to fill this gap, in this study, 25 different natural stones belonging to sedimentary,
metamorphic and igneous groups were tested for their abrasion resistance as well as physico-mechanical properties. Also, for
a better interpretation of abrasion resistance characteristics of the tested stone materials, relationships between abrasion
resistance and physico-mechanical properties were statistically examined. A statistically significant linear correlation (R
2 = 0.85; P value = 0.000) was established between the WWA test and the BA test, which could be used in practice for converting the measured
abrasion resistance values from one testing method to another. It was also found that the correlation between these two test
methods improved significantly (R
2 = 0.93; P value = 0.001) when relatively high-porosity stone materials (porosity ≥1%) were separately evaluated. Both methods of abrasion
resistance employed in the present study showed statistically significant linear correlations with uniaxial compressive strength
and Brazilian tensile strength, the former proving to be a more influencing parameter on resistance to abrasion. Also, from
the point view of representing actual abrasion mechanism of stone materials in practice, the necessity of simulating multi-directional
foot traffic in abrasion testing methods was discussed. In this respect, the reference test method in the EN 14157 Standard
was criticized for not fully meeting this requirement. It was also pointed out that the reference method could have some drawbacks
when applied to coarse-grained granitic rocks having cleavable minerals such as plagioclase and orthoclase feldspars. 相似文献
47.
该种方法利用离子色谱仪的电导检测器与电化学检测器串联 ,十几分钟即可连续完成水中S2 - 、SO2 - 3 、SO2 - 4、S2 O2 - 3 的测定 ,方法具有快速、高效、方便、灵敏、选择性好等特点。方法的检出限分别为 :S2 - 12 5 μg/L ;SO2 - 3 2 2 4 μg/L ;SO2 - 45 0 μg/L ;S2 O2 - 35 0 μg/L。相对标准偏差在 1 5 %~ 6 9%之间 ,能够满足水中S2 - 、SO2 - 3 、SO2 - 4、S2 O2 - 3四种阴离子分析测试的需要。 相似文献
48.
A Modeling Study of the Effects of Anomalous Snow Cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian Summer Monsoon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of anomalous snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian summer monsoon is investigated by numerical simulations using the NCAR regional climate model (RegCM2) into which gravity wave drag has been introduced. The simulations adopt relatively realistic snow mass forcings based on Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SNINIR) pentad snow depth data. The physical mechanism and spatial structure of the sensitivity of the South Asian early summer monsoon to snow cover anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau are revealed. The main results are summarized as follows. The heavier than normal snow cover over the Plateau can obviously reduce the shortwave radiation absorbed by surface through the albedo effect, which is compensated by weaker upward sensible heat flux associated with colder surface temperature, whereas the effects of snow melting and evaporation are relatively smaller.The anomalies of surface heat fluxes can last until June and become unobvious in July. The decrease of the Plateau surface temperature caused by heavier snow cover reaches its maximum value from late April to early May. The atmospheric cooling in the mid-upper troposphere over the Plateau and its surrounding areas is most obvious in May and can keep a fairly strong intensity in June. In contrast, there is warming to the south of the Plateau in the mid-lower troposphere from April to June with a maximum value in May.The heavier snow cover over the Plateau can reduce the intensity of the South Asian summer monsoon and rainfall to some extent, but this influence is only obvious in early summer and almost disappears in later stages. 相似文献
49.
Edouard L. Davin Reto St?ckli Eric B. Jaeger Samuel Levis Sonia I. Seneviratne 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(9-10):1889-1907
This study presents an evaluation of a new biosphere-atmosphere Regional Climate Model. COSMO-CLM2 results from the coupling between the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model COSMO-CLM version 4.0 and the Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3.5). In this coupling, CLM3.5 replaces a simpler land surface parameterization (TERRA_ML) used in the standard COSMO-CLM. Compared to TERRA_ML, CLM3.5 comprises a more complete representation of land surface processes including hydrology, biogeophysics, biogeochemistry and vegetation dynamics. Historical climate simulations over Europe with COSMO-CLM and with the new COSMO-CLM2 are evaluated against various data products. The simulated climate is found to be substantially affected by the coupling with CLM3.5, particularly in summer. Radiation fluxes as well as turbulent fluxes at the surface are found to be more realistically represented in COSMO-CLM2. This subsequently leads to improvements of several aspects of the simulated climate (cloud cover, surface temperature and precipitation). We show that a better partitioning of turbulent fluxes is the central factor allowing for the better performances of COSMO-CLM2 over COSMO-CLM. Despite these improvements, some model deficiencies still remain, most notably a substantial underestimation of surface net shortwave radiation. Overall, these results highlight the importance of land surface processes in shaping the European climate and the benefit of using an advanced land surface model for regional climate simulations. 相似文献
50.
Gustavo?Bastos?Lyra Tamíres?Partelli?Correia José?Francisco?de?Oliveira-Júnior Marcelo?ZeriEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,134(3-4):955-965
Five deterministic methods of spatial interpolation of monthly rainfall were compared over the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. The methods were the inverse distance weight (IDW), nearest neighbor (NRN), triangulation with linear interpolation (TLI), natural neighbor (NN), and spline tension (SPT). A set of 110 weather stations was used to test the methods. The selection of stations had two criteria: time series longer than 20 years and period of data from 1960 to 2009. The methods were evaluated using cross-validation, linear regression between values observed and interpolated, root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (r 2), coefficient of variation (CV, %), and the Willmott index of agreement (d). The results from different methods are influenced by the meteorological systems and their seasonality, as well as by the interaction with the topography. The methods presented higher precision (r 2) and accuracy (d, RMSE) during the summer and transition to autumn, in comparison with the winter or spring months. The SPT had the highest precision and accuracy in relation to other methods, in addition to having a good representation of the spatial patterns expected for rainfall over the complex terrain of the state and its high spatial variability. 相似文献