Quantifying deformation in North Borneo with GPS

The existence of intra-plate deformation of the Sundaland platelet along its eastern edge in North Borneo, South-East Asia, makes it an interesting area that still is relatively understudied. In addition, the motion of the coastal area of North-West Borneo is directed toward a frontal fold-and-thrust belt and has been fueling a long debate on the possible geophysical sources behind it. At present this fold-and-thrust belt is not generating significant seismic activity and may also not be entirely active due to a decreasing shelfal extension from south to north. Two sets of Global Positioning System (GPS) data have been used in this study; the first covering a time period from 1999 until 2004 (ending just before the Giant Sumatra–Andaman earthquake) to determine the continuous Sundaland tectonic plate motion, and the second from 2009 until 2011 to investigate the current deformations of North Borneo. Both absolute and relative positioning methods were carried out to investigate horizontal and vertical displacements. Analysis of the GPS results indicates a clear trend of extension along coastal regions of Sarawak and Brunei in North Borneo. On the contrary strain rate tensors in Sabah reveal that only insignificant and inconsistent extension and compression occurs throughout North-West Borneo. Moreover, station velocities and rotation rate tensors on the northern part of North Borneo suggest a clockwise (micro-block) rotation. The first analysis of vertical displacements recorded by GPS in North-West Borneo points to low subsidence rates along the western coastal regions of Sabah and inconsistent trends between the Crocker and Trusmadi mountain ranges. These results have not been able to either confirm or reject the hypothesis that gravity sliding is the main driving force behind the local motions in North Borneo. The ongoing Sundaland–Philippine Sea plate convergence may also still play an active role in the present-day deformation (crustal shortening) in North Borneo and the possible clockwise rotation of the northern part of North Borneo as a micro-block. However, more observations need to be collected to determine if the northern part of North Borneo indeed is (slowly) moving independently.     

Site-specific multipath characteristics of global IGS and CORS GPS sites

The site-specific multipath characteristics of 217 Global Positioning System (GPS) sites worldwide were analyzed using the variability of the post-fit phase residuals. Because the GPS satellite constellation returns to the same configuration in a sidereal day (23 h 56 min 4 s), the multipath repeats on that period. However, daily GPS position estimates are usually based on the solar day. When several days of GPS data are processed, this steady change in the orientation of the satellite constellation with respect to the station manifests itself in the form of patterns in the post-fit phase residuals which shift by 3 min 56 s per day. It was found that the mean root mean square of the time-shifted post-fit phase residuals is highly dependent on the GPS antenna type. The conclusions derived from the analysis of the time-shifted post-fit residuals were verified by performing a cross-correlation of the post-fit residuals across many days for selected sites.     

新型钢筋搭接灌浆套筒节点力学性能试验及有限元分析

对一种新型钢筋搭接灌浆套筒节点进行了力学性能试验研究和有限元分析。共设计了9组节点试件,变化的参数包括:搭接长度和钢筋直径、套筒壁厚和套筒端部约束方式。通过试验研究得出:套筒壁厚对灌浆料的约束作用较大,壁厚不宜小于5mm;套筒端部不做处理时节点的连接效果更好。基于试验结果采用ABAQUS软件进行了有限元补充分析,通过对比验证了有限元模型各个假设和本构模型取值的合理性。本研究以期为装配式混凝土结构的钢筋连接研究提供参考。     

新型全栓接H型钢梁柱节点滞回性能研究

提出一种新型全栓接H型钢梁柱节点。为研究节点的滞回性能,采用立式加载方案对4个不同构造方式的新型和传统全栓接H型钢梁柱节点进行拟静力试验,分析各试件的节点破坏模式、P-Δ滞回曲线、M-θ骨架曲线、承载力及延性性能。结果表明:强轴新型全栓接节点与传统全栓接节点相比,滞回曲线、骨架曲线以及各项力学性能指标基本相同。弱轴新型全栓接节点与传统全栓接节点相比,具有更好的滞回性能、更高的延性和更强的承载力,其屈服承载力、极限承载力及延性分别增加了38%、35%和32%。     

附加粘滞阻尼器的球形储罐减震性能研究

球罐作为石油化工行业的重要存储容器,一旦在服役期间发生破坏,不仅将造成重大经济损失,而且易发生重大人员伤亡事故。用ADINA分析软件建立了球罐的设计模型及简化理论模型,并研究了附加粘滞阻尼器的速度指数与配置方案对球形储液罐减震的影响。利用达朗贝尔原理建立动力方程,采用非线性动力方程计算其基底剪力值,与有限元法计算结果对比分析。研究结果表明:当速度指数为0.3的时候,在地震动作用下其结构柱顶的加速度变大;当速度指数大于等于0.7时,滞回曲线明显变扁,耗能减震的效率降低到15%以下。相对于全布置方案,按方案7在布置粘滞性阻尼器,球罐基底剪力、柱顶速度、柱顶位移、拉杆应力及拉杆拉力的控制上,效果能达到全布置方案的60%以上,在波高的控制上能达到70%以上。有限元验算与计算结果较为吻合,可为后续的研究应用提供参考依据。粘滞阻尼器有助于球罐结构减震,但粘滞阻尼器的参数和配置方案应综合考虑工程的实际情况而定。     

钢混凝土组合截面外包薄钢组合管拟静力抗震性能试验研究

钢混凝土组合截面外包薄钢组合管具有良好的防腐蚀性能和力学性能,可用于海洋、水下以及具有腐蚀性环境中的管道运输或结构受力构件中。利用截面分层法设计加工满足受弯承载能力的试验试件,并对其进行拟静力抗震性能试验,研究分析构件几何特征和填充混凝土强度对其耗能减震能力的影响。结果表明:各试验试件的荷载-位移滞回曲线图形均比较饱满,钢混凝土组合截面外包薄钢组合管具有良好的耗能减震能力。通过提高构件"约束效应系数"的方法可优化构件的截面设计。试件几何特征及填充混凝土的强度对试件的力学性能有较大影响,长细比较大的试件在往复加载制度下屈服位移明显减小。     

高强钢筋混凝土柱轴心受压承载力可靠度研究

课题组搜集186根高强钢筋混凝土轴压柱的试验数据,得到相关统计参数,选用JC法并利用MATLAB软件编制计算程序迭代求解高强钢筋混凝土柱轴压承载力可靠指标。分析不同荷载组合、钢筋强度、混凝土强度以及配筋率等参数对混凝土柱轴压承载力可靠指标的影响。研究结果表明:高强钢筋混凝土柱轴压承载力可靠指标随计算模式不确定性系数的增大而增大;随着荷载效应比的增大,可靠指标呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;可靠指标随钢筋强度的提高而减小,随混凝土强度提高而增大;随着配筋率的增大,可靠指标逐渐减小,高配筋率对轴压构件不利。     

双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构耗能机制和抗震性能研究

为提高斜交网格结构的抗震性能,提出一种双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构。双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构采用剪切耗能段和特定梁端塑形铰进行集中耗能,使主体结构构件保持弹性。剪切耗能段不承受和传递重力荷载,易在震后修复或更换,使建筑可迅速恢复功能。为实现目标耗能机制,对等效能量塑形设计法进行改进以适用于可恢复性能斜交网格结构,并进行结构设计举例。采用OpenSees软件对所设计结构建立详细的有限元计算模型,进行非线性动力时程分析,以验证双防线耗能机制并评估抗震性能。分析结果表明:（1）小震、中震和大震下的结构顶部位移角分别为0.28%、0.8%和1.7%,与性能设计目标基本相同;（2）中震时剪切耗能段屈服,特定梁端未出现塑性铰;（3）大震时,特定梁端出现塑性铰以增加结构耗能能力,剪切耗能段屈服且处于延性范围内。因此新型可恢复性能斜交网格结构具有有效的双防线耗能机制,在中震后可迅速修复,在大震中可保持延性,实现"中震可修,大震不倒"的性能目标。     

预应力FRP增强胶合木的预应力损失研究

研究了预应力FRP增强胶合木梁的预应力损失,其中:FRP采用先张法施加预应力,并采用胶合与机械相结合的方式锚固于胶合木梁。分析表明:先张法FRP板的预应力损失主要包括垫块变形和木材弹性变形,FRP应力松弛、季节温差引起的预应力损失和木材蠕变引起的预应力损失。该研究基于平截面假定,通过胶合木梁的受力平衡与变形协调及材料本构模型,建立了每项预应力损失的计算公式,以及预应力损失后的胶合木梁反拱挠曲线方程,确定初始预应力限值范围;计算并分析了3组预应力CFRP增强胶合木梁的预应力损失值,应用反拱挠度实测值验证该研究计算理论。研究成果可为预应力FRP增强胶合木的设计与安全性评估提供理论参考。