Characteristics of dry-wet abrupt alternation events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the relationship with ENSO

During recent decades, more frequent flood-drought alternations have been seen in China as a result of global climate change and intensive human activities, which have significant implications on water and food security. To better identify the characteristics of flood-drought alternations, we proposed a modified dry-wet abrupt alternation index (DWAAI) and applied the new method in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB-ML) to analyze the long-term spatio-temporal characteristics of dry-wet abrupt alternation (DWAA) events based on the daily precipitation observations at 75 rainfall stations in summer from 1960 to 2015. We found that the DWAA events have been spreading in the study area with higher frequency and intensity since 1960. In particular, the DWAA events mainly occurred in May and June in the northwest of the YRB-ML, including Hanjiang River Basin, the middle reaches of the YRB, north of Dongting Lake and northwest of Poyang Lake. In addition, we also analyzed the impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on DWAA events in the YRB-ML. The results showed that around 41.04% of DWAA events occurred during the declining stages of La Niña or within the subsequent 8 months after La Niña, which implies that La Niña events could be predictive signals of DWAA events. Besides, significant negative correlations have been found between the modified DWAAI values of all the rainfall stations and the sea surface temperature anomalies in the Nino3.4 region within the 6 months prior to the DWAA events, particularly for the Poyang Lake watershed and the middle reaches of the YRB. This study has significant implications on the flood and drought control and water resources management in the YRB-ML under the challenge of future climate change.     

Attribution of trends in meteorological drought during 1960–2016 over the Loess Plateau,China

This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades.     

Deep-seated structure and gold content of Russia and China contiguous territories

On the contiguous territories of southeastern Russia and northeastern China, many gold-bearing areas are conjugate in space with the gradient zones of the gravity field. Large gold-ore districts, defining in many respects the metallogenic signature of the region, are located on the joints of differently oriented gradient zones. In the best-studied districts, the Precambrian protrusions, staged distribution of magmatic chambers ( by vertical) above the Mohorovicic discontinuity and restriction to the peripheral parts of intrusive massifs have been recognized. Different-type gold deposits in the studied ore-placer districts and nodes are often located on the areas of joint of the granitoid massifs and subvolcanic bodieswith depressions. Availability of areals of metasomatic alterations of rocks, placers, and ore occurrences of precious metals on such but poorly studied areas can serve as the basis for the revision and detailed forecasting-prospecting works to develop the mineral-raw material base of the region for precious metals.     

四川宣汉地区二叠系硅岩地球化学特征及成因研究

四川宣汉地区二叠系茅口组和吴家坪组的硅岩,主要以结核状、条带状和团块状产出。根据硅岩的岩石学及地球化学特征,对其成因进行了系统研究。野外观察硅岩形态多样,与围岩呈缝合线状接触,在剖面上受一定层位控制,团块状硅岩中含石灰岩斑块等。显微镜下观察,硅岩中见方解石残余结构及白云石菱形假晶等。野外观察和显微镜下观察表明这些硅岩应为交代作用形成。常量元素分析表明硅岩以SiO₂为主（69.61％～99.21％）,其他化学成分含量较低（0.01％～16.07％）,Fe/Ti、（Fe+Mn）/Ti及Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）值反映了硅岩的形成与热水活动有关,样品点在Al-Fe-Mn三角图中的投影位于富铁端;微量元素Co/Ni、V、Ti/V、Th/U和Rb/Sr值都较低,样品点在（Cu+Co+Ni）-Fe-Mn三角图中的投影也位于富铁端;硅岩中稀土元素总量低（低于10×10^-6）,Ce明显负异常,Eu弱负异常,LREE/HREE值低,Eu/Eu^*值相对较高。上述特征表明研究区硅岩在形成过程中有热水物质参与沉积,在成岩过程中通过SiO₂交代作用形成。     

SASW法在粉土液化判别中的应用

文章介绍了面波法(SASW法)的基本原理与测试方法,并将该方法用于判别黄河三角洲饱和粉土的液化势.通过标准贯入试验结果与瑞雷波法判别结果的对比,说明以剪切波速为土性指标的液化判别方法是一个很有前景的方法,但由于资料太少,建议继续收集液化调查资料,以发展出一个有充分根据的液化判别方法.     

琼东南盆地中生界潜山天然气成藏模式

琼东南盆地基底潜山勘探面临地质年代不清、储层非均质性强及成藏条件复杂等难题。通过开展区域大地构造演化、基底锆石测年、潜山储层描述及成藏动力分析,明确潜山储层发育区及有利成藏区。研究表明,在印支运动、燕山运动及喜山运动叠加控制下,松南低凸起、陵南低凸起大面积发育印支期的花岗岩潜山储层,平面上北西、北东及近东西向三组断裂、裂缝交错切割成网,纵向上形成的风化带-裂缝带总厚度超300 m的双层结构,明确裂缝储层发育的关键因素为脆性矿物和双向流体改造。基于早渐新世古地貌及烃源岩沉积模拟实验研究,提高了崖城组陆源海相烃源岩TOC分布预测精度,明确了中央坳陷优质烃源灶分布规律。综合分析潜山-古近系储层、构造脊展布和崖城组烃源灶的时空配置关系,建立了“松南低凸起源外高潜山天然气长距离侧向有限运聚模式”及“陵南低凸起源边低潜山近距离高效运聚模式”,提出源边低潜山的L26-B是下步勘探的有利目标。     

基于北京二号影像辅助nDSM的建筑物自动提取

针对建筑物提取方法缺乏泛化性的问题,本文提出了将nDSM、北京二号影像、NDVI、BAI的七通道图像相结合作为数据源的提取方法。采用随机森林、梯度提升机、支持向量机、BP神经网络分类器对建筑物进行提取获取最佳分类器模型,并运用二值化与开闭运算,以建筑物面积与最小外接矩形面积的比值为阈值,对建筑物分别进行最小外接矩形、DP算法拟合,优化建筑物提取结果。试验结果表明,梯度提升机(GBDT)较其他分类模型在不同场景下综合效果较好,F-score精度更高。     

Late Jurassic Volcanism Deduced from Geochemical,Geochronological, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition Characteristics of the Nanyuan Formation,South China

The Nanyuan Formation contains information related to the Mesozoic tectonic transformation. In this study, three representative profiles were surveyed from the Nanyuan Formation, and multiple analyses were conducted. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded their ages as approximately 158–146 Ma. The volcanic rocks are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, implying their affinity for I-type granites. The ε_Nd(t) values(-8.3 to-6.0),(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_...     

RESPONSE OF EQUATORIAL PACIFIC UPPER OCEAN CURRENT TO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS

The characteristics of the response of equatorial Pacific upper ocean current to westerly wind bursts(WWB)were analyzed in the frequency domain by using wind and ADCP data collected by the Shiyan3 during TOGA-COARE IOP,1992-1993.The preliminary results showed that the response consistedof an eastward surface jet at shallower than 60m depth,a westward counter current centering near100m and a shear layer between them,with the variations of all three being nonlinear and nearlysynchronous.The oceanic responses in the frequency domain were characterized by occurrences of a remotely forced mixed Rossby-gravity wave with period of 8-10 days in the surface jet andcountercurrent at shallower than 110 m depth,and two locally forced waves with periods of 24 daysand 4-5 days limited in shallower than 70m depth.These fluctuations of the responses depended much more on zonal wind than meridional wind.The results also revealed that the oceanic response toWWB resulted from momentum transport and energy propagation assoc     

对吐哈盆地相邻两幅遥感图像的辐射匹配

在ERDAS软件的支持下,对吐哈盆地相邻的两幅ETM遥感图像采用所介绍的直方图加减均值差和方差均值2种方法进行辐射匹配,并得出基于这2种方法的几点结论用于提高辐射匹配程度。同时为了降低匹配时存在的人为误差,提出了一种新的多样本均值的辐射匹配方法。最后通过对3种匹配方法的结果进行定量性检验,证明多样本均值的辐射匹配方法能达到较好的匹配效果,其匹配结果要优于前2种方法,具有可行性。笔者的目的在于:经过对不同方法的运用、对比及验证,提出了一种更为优越的辐射匹配方法———多样本均值法,以用于对吐哈盆地整体的辐射匹配。较好的匹配效果有助于对盆地内一些相关指数的准确评价和其砂岩型铀矿的分析研究。