Freshening of the Intermediate Waters in the Northern South China Sea over the PastSix Decades

The properties of salinity in the South China Sea (SCS), a significant marginal sea connecting the Pacific andIndian Oceans, are greatly influenced by the transport of fresh water flux between the two oceans. However, the long-termchanges in the intermediate water in the SCS have not been thoroughly studied due to limited data, particularly in relationto its thermodynamic variations. This study utilized reanalysis data products to identify a 60-year trend of freshening in theintermediate waters of the northern South China Sea (NSCS), accompanied by an expansion of low-salinity water. Thestudy also constructed salinity budget terms, including advection and entrainment processes, and conducted an analysis ofthe salinity budget to understand the impacts of external and internal dynamic processes on the freshening trend of theintermediate water in the NSCS. The analysis revealed that the freshening in the northwest Pacific Ocean and theintensification of intrusion through the Luzon Strait at intermediate levels are the primary drivers of the salinity changes inthe NSCS. Additionally, a weakened trend in the intensity of vertical entrainment also contributes to the freshening in theNSCS. This study offers new insights into the understanding of regional deep sea changes in response to variations in boththermodynamics and oceanic dynamic processes.     

Could CMIP6 climate models reproduce the early-2000s global warming slowdown?

The unexpected global warming slowdown during 1998–2013 challenges the existing scientific understanding of global temperature change mechanisms, and thus the simulation and prediction ability of state-of-the-art climate models since most models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5) cannot simulate it. Here, we examine whether the new-generation climate models in CMIP6 can reproduce the recent global warming slowdown, and further evaluate their capacities for simulating key-scale natural variabilities which are the most likely causes of the slowdown. The results show that although the CMIP6 models present some encouraging improvements when compared with CMIP5, most of them still fail to reproduce the warming slowdown. They considerably overestimate the warming rate observed in 1998–2013,exhibiting an obvious warming acceleration rather than the observed deceleration. This is probably associated with their deficiencies in simulating the distinct temperature change signals from the human-induced long-term warming trend and/or the three crucial natural variabilities at interannual, interdecadal, and multidecadal scales. In contrast, the 4 models that can successfully reproduce the slowdown show relatively high skills in simulating the long-term warming trend and the three keyscale natural variabilities. Our work may provide important insight for the simulation and prediction of near-term climate changes.     

Eclogite and carpholite-bearing metasedimentary rocks in the North Qilian suture zone, NW China: implications for Early Palaeozoic cold oceanic subduction and water transport into mantle

Low‐temperature eclogite and eclogite facies metapelite together with serpentinite and marble occur as blocks within foliated blueschist that was originated from greywacke matrix; they formed a high‐pressure low‐temperature (HPLT) subduction complex (mélange) in the North Qilian oceanic‐type suture zone, NW China. Phengite–eclogite (type I) and epidote–eclogite (type II) were recognized on the basis of mineral assemblage. Relic lawsonite and lawsonite pseudomorphs occur as inclusions in garnet from both types of eclogite. Garnet–omphacite–phengite geothermobarometry yields metamorphic conditions of 460–510 °C and 2.20–2.60 GPa for weakly deformed eclogite, and 475–500 °C and 1.75–1.95 GPa for strongly foliated eclogite. Eclogite facies metasediments include garnet–omphacite–phengite–glaucophane schist and various chloritoid‐bearing schists. Mg‐carpholite was identified in some high‐Mg chloritoid schists. P–T estimates yield 2.60–2.15 GPa and 495–540 °C for Grt–Omp–Phn–Gln schist, and 2.45–2.50 GPa and 525–530 °C for the Mg‐carpholite schist. Mineral assemblages and P–T estimates, together with isotopic ages, suggest that the oceanic lithosphere as well as pelagic to semi‐pelagic sediments have been subducted to the mantle depths (≥75 km) before 460 Ma. Blueschist facies retrogression occurred at c. 454–446 Ma and led to eclogite deformation and dehydration of lawsonite during exhumation. The peak P–Tconditions for eclogite and metapelite in the North Qilian suture zone demonstrate the existence of cold subduction‐zone gradients (6–7 °C km^?1), and this cold subduction brought a large amount of H₂O to the deep mantle in the Early Palaeozoic times.     

中国近海富烃凹陷油气成藏特征

富烃凹陷是当今油气勘探的主战场,中国近海已发现的油气储量主要集中在14个富烃凹陷中。利用钻井、测井、地震及化验测试等资料,结合最新油气勘探成果,从温压系统、储盖组合、热流体活动及油气输导与聚集等方面分析、总结了中国近海典型已证实富烃凹陷的油气成藏特征。研究表明:中国近海富烃凹陷深层超压普遍发育,地温梯度高,复合型温压系统构成,为油气成藏提供了充足的动力;主力储层物性好,发育1～2套优质的区域性盖层,至少存在2套有利的储盖组合;发育多种类型的烃类包裹体,油气主成藏期集中,并存在快速幕式充注现象;发育高效优势输导体系、多种圈闭与油气藏类型,存在多种油气成藏模式,油气呈带状差异富集与分布。     

利用背景噪声反演鄂尔多斯块体及其南缘地区地壳速度结构

文中利用分布在鄂尔多斯块体及其南部周缘地区的53 个宽频带地震固定台站的连续波形记录,采用双台互相关计算 方法由背景噪声提取瑞利波格林函数,经时频分析获得相速度和群速度频散曲线,并分别计算了汾渭地堑、秦岭北缘、鄂 尔多斯块体内部和六盘山地区4 个不同构造区的平均频散曲线,进而反演了各构造区的地壳上地幔一维横波速度结构。结 果显示：地壳厚度在汾渭地堑为34 km,在秦岭北缘地区和鄂尔多斯块体均为40 km,在六盘山地区最厚,达49~50 km;相 应的上地幔顶部横波速度分别为4.20,4.2,4.30 和4.15 km/s;地壳内结构浅部特征差异最大,在地壳中部六盘山地区的速 度较低,下部地壳不同地区的波速较一致。     

疏散星团M11的研究:4.CM图、光度函数和分层效应

利用上海天文台 40cm天体照相仪底片资料所提供的疏散星团M1 1天区 (团心距r≤2 5′)内的 785颗恒星的相对自行和成员概率 ,讨论了M1 1的CM图、年龄、距离、半径、光度函数、质量和分层效应 ,得到M1 1的距离为 1 659pc ,年龄为 (1 .8— 2 .2 )× 1 0 8年 ,半径约为 2 4 .5pc ,光度质量 4354M⊙ ,位力质量 50 0 0M⊙ ,在确定光度函数时 ,提出了一种考虑样本天区不完备的修正办法 ,以便从观测光度函数导出现时光度函数 .分析表明 ,作为一个中等年龄的疏散星团 ,M 1 1中的团星已表现出较明显的空间质量分层效应 ;而另一方面 ,尽管存在速度质量分层效应 ,但很不明显     

基于热力图数据的杭州商业综合体活力影响因素分析

为了防止商业综合体建设过剩,形成商业综合体之间的恶性竞争。本文基于微信易出行插件里面的城市热力图数据,以杭州市5个商业综合体为例,获取可以量化的热力值数据,对不同类型的商业综合体活力影响因素进行对比分析研究。研究发现：① 城市商业综合体布局密度、周边用地用途、销售模式、内部功能布局以及内部空间活力5个要素对商业综合体活力的影响最明显;② 商业综合体的高密度布局对其活力存在抑制作用,通过对比各个服务半径内的商业综合体的活力变化,发现商业综合体合理的服务半径应该大于1.0 km。商业综合体周边的居住用地、广场和公园用地对其活力具有增强作用,办公用地对商业综合体活力的影响较弱;③ 针对不同消费对象制定的不同销售模式,也会对商业综合体活力变化产生显著影响;④ 在公共活动空间相对缺乏的区域内,以零售为主且兼具城市公共活动空间的商业综合体比以主力店为主的商业综合体的活力更高,空间利用率越高的商业综合体活力也越高,商业综合体承担部分城市公共活动空间的职能对商业综合体的活力起到了提升作用。     

CORS系统在航空重力测量地面GNSS基站解算中的应用

航空重力测量是以飞机为载体,快速、高效获取大面积中、高频地球重力场信息的航空物探测量方法。航空重力测量技术的商业化运行归功于动态差分GNSS定位技术的成熟,使得载体的动态定位、动态测速和加速度解算精度大大提高,而差分GNSS技术解算载体动态定位的精度又依赖于地面基准站坐标精度。在实际作业中,通过组建控制网并设立地面GNSS基站,联测国家GNSS控制点,不仅需要花费较多的经济成本和时间成本,而且在人迹罕至的沼泽、高原、荒漠无人区以及远离大陆的海岛礁地区,这种方法都面临很大的困难。随着我国CORS站建设的不断深入,CORS系统精度和网度不断提高,利用CORS站数据,通过GAMIT等软件进行地面GNSS基站解算来确定其准确坐标位置的方法成为一种新趋势。本文以某测区实际数据为例,对比分析了两种方法得到的基站坐标精度及对重力测量结果的影响,介绍了CORS系统在航空重力测量地面GNSS基站解算中的应用效果,说明利用CORS系统解算不仅满足航空重力测量精度要求,而且能够提高工作效率。     

地球磁尾中不同类型磁结构的磁螺度演化特征

在二维三分量MHD数值模拟的基础上 ,对地球磁尾不同类型磁结构的形成作磁螺度分析 .研究表明 ,对于由晨昏电场产生的磁尾驱动重联过程 ,通过系统边界输运的磁螺度通量是引起系统总磁螺度变化的直接原因 .不同的初始磁螺度密度分布和磁螺度通量输运 ,可以引起中性片区域磁螺度密度分布的不同演化 ,从而导致具有不同拓扑位形磁结构的形成 .