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1.
The mechanism of the effect of a collapsing turbulent eddy on diapycnal transport in a stably stratified fluid is considered. It is shown that at small Richardson turbulent numbersRi
0 the mixing efficiency increases asRi
0, and at large numbers it decreases in proportion toRi
0
–1/2
.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. UDK 551.465.15. 相似文献
2.
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4.
Damage caused by the earthquake of 7 December 1986 (M = 5.7) and its aftershocks in low-storey residential buildings in the town of Strazhitza, Bulgaria, situated in the epicentral zone are systematized. A scale of damages is compiled for two types of buildings which is coordinated with the MSK-64 scale. The territorial distribution of the seismic intensity is compared with the results of the detailed engineering-geological study. A correlation between the Quarternary deposit thickness and the observed seismic intensity is obtained.Paper presented at the 21st general assembly of the European Seismological Commission held in Sofia, 1988. 相似文献
5.
Hotaek Park Alexander N. Fedorov Mikhail N. Zheleznyak Pavel Y. Konstantinov John E. Walsh 《Climate Dynamics》2015,44(9-10):2873-2895
This study quantitatively evaluated how insulation by snow depth (SND) affected the soil thermal regime and permafrost degradation in the pan-Arctic area, and more generally defined the characteristics of soil temperature (TSOIL) and SND from 1901 to 2009. This was achieved through experiments performed with the land surface model CHANGE to assess sensitivity to winter precipitation as well as air temperature. Simulated TSOIL, active layer thickness (ALT), SND, and snow density were generally comparable with in situ or satellite observations at large scales and over long periods. Northernmost regions had snow that remained relatively stable and in a thicker state during the past four decades, generating greater increases in TSOIL. Changes in snow cover have led to changes in the thermal state of the underlying soil, which is strongly dependent on both the magnitude and the timing of changes in snowfall. Simulations of the period 2001–2009 revealed significant differences in the extent of near-surface permafrost, reflecting differences in the model’s treatment of meteorology and the soil bottom boundary. Permafrost loss was greater when SND increased in autumn rather than in winter, due to insulation of the soil resulting from early cooling. Simulations revealed that TSOIL tended to increase over most of the pan-Arctic from 1901 to 2009, and that this increase was significant in northern regions, especially in northeastern Siberia where SND is responsible for 50 % or more of the changes in TSOIL at a depth of 3.6 m. In the same region, ALT also increased at a rate of approximately 2.3 cm per decade. The most sensitive response of ALT to changes in SND appeared in the southern boundary regions of permafrost, in contrast to permafrost temperatures within the 60°N–80°N region, which were more sensitive to changes in snow cover. Finally, our model suggests that snow cover contributes to the warming of permafrost in northern regions and could play a more important role under conditions of future Arctic warming. 相似文献
6.
N. E. Chubarova E. I. Nezval’ I. B. Belikov E. V. Gorbarenko I. D. Eremina E. Yu. Zhdanova I. A. Korneva P. I. Konstantinov M. A. Lokoshchenko A. I. Skorokhod O. A. Shilovtseva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(9):602-613
Analyzed are the results of meteorological and environmental measurements performed over the 60-year period (1954–2013) at the Meteorological Observatory of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The significant positive temperature trend (0.04°C/year for 1954–2013) was obtained; it increased up to 0.07°C/year in 1976–2012. Considered are the features of seasonal variations of different atmospheric characteristics. Discussed are the type and causes of low-frequency changes in meteorological parameters, radiation balance components, radiation in different spectral ranges, and chemical composition of precipitation. Demonstrated are possible mechanisms of the more significant increase observed in air temperature in Moscow as compared with that in Central Federal District and their connection with the greenhouse effect in the urban atmosphere. 相似文献
7.
Belyaev Yu. R. Panin A. V. Kiryuhina A. D. Koshurnikov A. V. Kramynin A. M. Pavlov M. A. Konstantinov E. A. Kurbanov R. N. Zakharov A. L. Sychev N. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2022,506(1):S84-S93
Doklady Earth Sciences - A complex of works including geomorphological deciphering, field survey, drilling, electric prospecting, and dating of deposits using the radiocarbon method and optically... 相似文献
8.
A. K. Pavlov A. V. Blinov G. I. Vasil’ev M. A. Vdovina A. N. Konstantinov V. M. Ostryakov 《Astronomy Letters》2014,40(10):640-647
The production of the cosmogenic radionuclides 14C, 10Be, and 36Cl in the Earth’s atmosphere under the action of powerful impulsive proton and gamma-ray events (superpowerful solar flares and Galactic gamma-ray bursts) is considered. The possible “isotopic footprint” in natural archives (the concentrations of these isotopes in dated polar ice cores and annual tree rings) has been calculated by taking into account geophysical processes. The results obtained have been applied to analyzing the anomalous increase in the concentration of radiocarbon measured in tree rings dated 774–775 AD. Arguments for the fact that the most likely cause of this increase is the high-energy emission from a Galactic gamma-ray burst are adduced. 相似文献
9.
E. V. Kvasnikova S. M. Vakulovskii S. K. Gordeev O. M. Zhukova S. V. Konstantinov D. A. Manzon V. N. Yakhryushin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(7):454-463
Bryansk Polesie is the most 137Cs-contaminated region of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl NPP accident, where in 2007 (i.e., 21 years after the
accident), the radiation monitoring was conducted within the Russia-Belarus Union State Program. The paper is based on the
comparison of data obtained in the settlements and at the nearby landscape sites outside the villages. The 137Cs content variability in the most spread in Polesie soils, the podzols, is considered using observations obtained at the
monitoring sites in Svyatsk and Demenka. It is shown that 137Cs is fixed at the surface, in the upper soil horizons, which is explained by a high soil sorption capacity. Vast crest-sink
floodplains with the great contrast range of the hydromorphic features, which cause great variability of the 137Cs vertical distribution, are typical for the Polesie landscape; this fact is confirmed by observations obtained at the monitoring
sites located in Starye Bobovichi and Ushcherpie. It is shown that Polesie pine forest contamination maintains higher contamination
density levels compared to the nearby settlements, pastures, and meadow lands in the fluvial plains. Extrapolation of the
contamination density data obtained within the first decade after the accident as of 2007, performed with allowance for the
correction for decay and the comparison of these estimates with the new data accumulated in the recent years, does not show
any significant contradiction. 相似文献
10.
E. V. Kvasnikova S. K. Gordeev O. M. Zhukova S. S. Kirov S. V. Konstantinov A. V. Lysak D. A. Manzon 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(11):732-740
The Chernobyl NPP accident resulted, due to the western atmospheric transfer, in the formation of a pattern crossing the Central Russian Upland and its surroundings in the latitudinal direction. A volatile long–lived dose-forming radionuclide 137Cs prevailed in the fallout. A peculiar character of the Central Russian Upland division by valleys and balkas could result in a 20–year period in radioactivity displacement down the slop to valleys. This article is devoted to checking the significance of such changes. The issue on revealing the differences between the measured contamination density values 21 years after the depositions and the expected values (calculated with the correction for 137Cs decay) is also under consideration. 相似文献