Distribution of Ixodes ricinus L., 1758 and Ixodes persulcatus Shulze, 1930 (Parasitoformes,Ixodidae) in Russia and adjacent countries in view of observable climate changes

Possible changes in the area inhabited by the ticks Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus, the main transmitters of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in Russia, caused by temperature changes in 1976–2005 compared to 1946–1975 are discussed. It is shown that these changes could result in some areal expansion of these species. In the European part of Russia, I. ricinus expanded its areal boundaries to the east 100–300 km. I. persulcatus expanded its areal in the Asian part of Russia. Its boundary moved to the north and northeast 100–300 km. Areal expansion both of species has not been observed.     

Trace element and PGE distribution in layered ferromanganese crusts

A collection of layered ferromanganese ores (27 samples) from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans was studied. Trace element and PGE contents were determined layer-by-layer (up to 10 microlayers) in 13 of these samples.The trace, rare earth, and platinum group element distributions, including their layer-to-layer variations, were compared in hydrogenic and hydrothermal crusts from different regions. It was found that the main PGE variations (by a factor of 10–50) are related to their layer-to-layer variations within a given ore field.The distributions of PGE and trace elements are strongly heterogeneous, which is related, first, to different contents of the elements in the layers of different age in ferromanganese crusts (FMC) and, second, to the observed regional heterogeneity and influence of hydrothermal fluids. Geochemical data indicate that CFC formation was mainly caused by the hydrochemical precipitation of material from seawater. This process was accompanied by diagenetic phenomena, water-rock interaction, and influence of volcanic and hydrothermal sources.     

Distribution of the population and enterprises in avalanche-hazardous zones of Sakhalin oblast

We explore the problems concerning the territorial distribution of the population in avalanche-hazardous zones of Sakhalin oblast. Avalanches present hazard to almost half the settlements of oblast, and to about 400 km of trunk routes. Data are provided for avalanche disasters that occurred in the territory of Sakhalin oblast during 1928 to 2012 as well as on the present state of avalanche prevention and mitigation.     

Large-scale assessment of avalanche and debris flow hazards in the Sakhalin region,Russian Federation

We explore the challenges of avalanche and debris flow hazard assessment for urban areas exposed in the Sakhalin region. Avalanches are a threat to more than 60 settlements in the region and debris flows to more than 30. Data are provided for avalanche and debris flow events that occurred in the Sakhalin region between 1928 and 2015. In this paper, the method for the design of hazard maps for snow avalanches and debris flows is described, providing the starting point for any planning constraints in general settlement planning schemes. These maps further allow conducting an assessment of avalanche and debris flow risk within a short time period for a larger territory and at minimum cost.

     

Complex Oceanological Research during the 59th Cruise of the Research Vessel Akademik Ioffe in the Eastern North Atlantic (September–October 2021)

Oceanology - During the 59th cruise of the P/V Akademik Ioffe (September–October 2021), geophysical, sedimentological, hydrological, hydrochemical, and biological studies were carried out in...     

Carbon Dioxide Flux at the Water–Air Boundary at the Continental Slope in the Kara Sea

Oceanology - The values and direction of carbon dioxide flux in the area of the continental slope in the north of the Kara Sea (St. Anna Trough) are calculated based on field studies in 2020 within...