小杂鱼脱脂技术的研究

以小杂鱼或低值鱼为原料 ,采用常温溶剂萃取法进行脱脂 ,研究了不同溶剂、溶剂混合比、流速和萃取时间对鱼类脱脂的影响。结果表明 ,在常温下用等体积的异丙醇和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂 ,以流速 4～ 8mL/min连续萃取 4～ 6h ,脱脂鱼肉的脂肪平均含量w为 0 .19%,脱脂率高达96 .2 6 %。该方法的溶剂损耗量为加热溶剂萃取法的 1/3倍。     

MECHANISM STUDY OF MINIMUM VALUE OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN ITS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN

The formative mechanism of the minimum value of dissolved oxygen in its vertical distribution in the Pacific Ocean is systematically discussed according to distributive characteristics of oxygen and relative parameters. The t and σt thermoclines of certain intensity controlled by water temperature is an elemental cause of forming minimum value of dissolved oxygen in the Pacific Ocean, whose genesis model of minimum value is presented by the author.     

苍山5.2级地震异常群体时空演化特征

在对 1 995年山东省苍山 5 2级地震异常筛选的基础上 ,分析了异常群体阶段性演化过程。结果表明 ,震前 1 0a左右震中周围出现小震小区域综合断层面解主压应力P轴偏转 (约 3 0°) ,震前 7a左右震中附近 3～ 4级地震增强集中及应变释放加速 ;震前 4a左右转为异常平静 ;震前 1a左右震中外围开始出现形变类前兆异常 ,前兆异常台站比和异常台项比约达 6%及 4%左右 ,异常比例偏少 ;震前约半年起 ,以震中附近地震波速比异常出现为起点 ,相继出现各类前兆异常 6条 ,短期前兆异常台站比和异常台项比分别约达 2 5 %和 1 7%左右 ,显示孕震进入短期阶段 ,但临震异常不明显。对由此获得的 5级地震预测启示进行了讨论。     

由小震震源机制解得到的鄂尔多斯周边构造应力场

利用格点尝试法首先分区对鄂尔多斯地块周边的 30 0 0多个小震震源机制解进行了处理。结果显示 ,在震源机制解覆盖的时段内 ,地块周边地区的平均构造应力场有以下特征 :地块周边主要以水平构造作用力为主 ,且其主压应力轴走向以地块西南侧为中心 ,从北至东呈扇形展布。在分区基础上 ,对各区的平均主应力轴分布进行了扫描 ,得到了其随时间的变化过程。其中渭河、六盘山和银川区的构造应力场相对稳定 ,临汾和同心区的构造应力场变化复杂 ,临河、包头、呼和、大同和太原区的构造应力场变化与该区的几次中强地震有密切关系。另外 ,地块周边除个别区外大多数区域在 1992年和 1996年前后 ,主压应力轴走向有趋近于N75°E的现象     

台风“摩羯”与“温比亚”环流中龙卷小尺度涡旋特征及可预警性分析

利用多普勒天气雷达探测资料,结合常规气象观测资料和天气实况及灾情调查,对2018年8月14日台风“摩羯”（1814）和8月19日台风“温比亚”（1818）产生龙卷的环境物理量及龙卷风暴强度结构特征进行了分析,对诱发龙卷和未诱发龙卷的小尺度气旋性涡旋特征进行了对比。结果表明：两次台风减弱低压东北象限是龙卷发生的关键区,低层高湿,强的低层垂直风切变和大的相对风暴螺旋度是关键物理量;龙卷出现时都伴有ΔV＞20.0 m·s-1的小尺度气旋性涡旋,且基本出现在2.0 km高度以下,但并不是所有这种低层小尺度气旋性涡旋都能诱发龙卷;以ΔV＞20.0 m·s-1为阈值,龙卷识别具有较高的命中率,识别准确率为31.8%,空报率为67.4%,漏报率为6.7%;约35.7%的龙卷没有识别时间提前量,半数龙卷几乎没有预警时间提前量。     

山东地区多台波速比研究

文中从多台计算波速比方法的原理入手,对不同公式计算的波速比差异进行了深入分析,认为在原理一致的条件下,波速比差异主要与拟合过程中自变量的选取及2组数据的相关系数有关。利用2002年1月至2005年7月山东省境内及江苏省北部共52个数字及模拟台站的地方震P波和S波到时资料,选取有4个以上记录台站的地震。整个研究区域的平均波速比为1.716,反映了这个地区的波速比相对于华北其他地区偏高。将研究区域划分为1°×2°的单元,并剔除距离震中过远的台站,以保证区域特征能得到反映。通过对比不同单元的平均波速比发现,34°~37°,115°~119°的平均波速比明显高于其他单元,而它们正好分布在郯庐断裂的两侧,应该与该地区上地壳的岩石性质及震源深度分布范围较宽导致的平均效应有关     

Application on drilling parameter monitor in drilling engineering monitoring

The drilling parameter monitor is an important tool in drilling engineering applied to monitoring drilling process, carrying out scientific analysis and decision-making. Based on discussing the present development situation of the domestic and foreign drilling machine parameter monitors, the metering scheme for vehicle-loaded drilling parameter monitor was designed. By using detection system for MSP430 single-chip microcomputer (SCM) in combination with peripheral circuit such as sensors, the drilling-rig control system was obtained to detect, and for every parameter in real-time display in order to keep operating the drilling rig status. The experiment shows that the drilling parameter monitor reaches design requirements and can be applied to drilling engineering monitoring, which has characters such as simple structure, high credibility and low cost.     

基于不完备模态信息的海洋平台损伤诊断研究

首先利用测量自由度正则化损伤指标向量得到损伤的大致区域;其次,在选定的区域内分别采用序列二次规划算法和最小二乘法来诊断损伤构件及其损伤程度,并对其结果进行了比较。数值模拟表明,仅需少量低阶模态和部分测量自由度,上述损伤诊断算法便可完成海洋平台的损伤诊断。     

Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol onto Oxide and Clay Minerals： Surface Reaction Model and Environmental Implications

The adsorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and iron oxides has been investigated by batch equilibrium techniques. The pH-dependent isotherms are curves with peak values, the position of which is at about pH = 5-6 depending on the mineral species. Based on distribution of both speciation of surface hydroxyls on minerals and PCP in solution a surface reaction model involving surface complexation and surface electrostatic attraction is presented to fit the pH-dependent isotherms, and both reaction constants are calculated. The results show that on quartz and phyllosilicate minerals the predominant adsorption reaction is surface complexation, meanwhile both of surface electrostatic attraction and surface complexation are involved on the iron oxide minerals. The reaction constants of surface electrostatic adsorption are usually one to three orders in magnitude, larger than that of surface complexation. The concentration-dependent isotherms can be well fitted by Langmnir equation with the correlation coefficient R〉0.93 for kaolinite and iron oxides. The maximum adsorption is found in the order： hematite 〉 lepidocrocite 〉 goethite 〉 kaolinite 〉 quartz 〉 montmorillonite ≈ illite, which can be interpreted by consideration of both reaction mechanism and surface hydroxyl density. The significant adsorption of PCP onto mineral surfaces suggests that clay and iron oxide minerals will play an important role as HIOCs are adsorbed in laterite or latertoid soil, which is widespread in South China.