南方锋面降水的落区和落量的预测

天气图、卫星云图和V-3θ图结合分析不仅能清晰反映锋面天气过程,而且能够提高降水落点、降水强度及降水结束时间的预测效果.中尺度云团所表征的次涡旋和垂直顺滚流并存的区域为强降水区域.     

高光谱数据截断加权核范数稀疏解混

受仪器和观测条件限制,高光谱数据易受噪声污染,给数据解译带来挑战。针对传统稀疏解混模型抗噪性能差的问题,本文提出一种截断加权核范数稀疏解混方法,利用高光谱图像像元之间的相关性减轻噪声对丰度估计的干扰。该方法借助低秩表示在挖掘数据内在低维结构方面的优势,在稀疏解混中加入基于截断加权核范数的低秩约束,并结合加权稀疏技术,在稀疏正则项中引入空间邻域权重。截断加权核范数对丰度矩阵的奇异值向量分段处理,可以更好地实现丰度矩阵的低秩逼近,使丰度图像保持空间一致性并保留更多细节信息,空间加权策略则增强了丰度图像的空间连续性。模拟高光谱数据、Cuprite矿区真实数据和红树林高光谱数据实验表明,与其他先进的稀疏解混方法相比,所提方法具有更好的抗噪性,能够提高解混精度。     

青藏铁路高温多年冻土区列车行驶路基长期永久变形数值模拟研究

基于动三轴试验建立的冻结、融化状态青藏铁路粉质黏土的累积塑性应变模型,考虑路基土体动应力的作用,二次开发适用于青藏铁路高温极不稳定多年冻土区路基长期永久变形的蠕变法则,并在既有的黏弹塑性本构模型将其引入,计算列车荷载作用下青藏铁路路基的永久变形。分析结果显示：（1）列车荷载作用下距离路基顶面不同埋深土体的累积动力永久应变随着等效振次的增加而增加,并且先期的增长速度较快,最终趋于稳定,长期沉降在路基中心处最大,最终在路基距离轨道最远处几乎为零;（2）随着列车速度的增加,路基中心永久变形逐渐增大;（3）随着列车轴重的增加,路基中心永久变形逐渐增大,并且随着埋深的增加,列车轴重对路基永久变形的影响逐渐变小;（4）随着冻结深度的增加,路基表面累积塑性变形呈降低趋势;随着融化深度的增加,路基表面累积永久变形增加。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷锑铋

样品经王水溶矿分解,在氨水存在下,以Fe3+作共沉淀剂分离铜后,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷、锑、铋。方法检出限为砷0.19μg/g、锑0.052μg/g、铋0.049μg/g;精密度(RSD,n=10)为砷5.87%、锑7.58%、铋2.42%。     

Spatio-temporal pattern of net primary productivity in Hengduan Mountains area,China: impacts of climate change and human activities

Net primary productivity(NPP), a metric used to define and identify changes in plant communities, is greatly affected by climate change, human activities and other factors. Here, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA) model to estimate the NPP of plant communities in Hengduan Mountains area of China, and to explore the relationship between NPP and altitude in this region. We examined the mechanisms underlying vegetation growth responses to climate change and quantitatively assessed the effects of ecological protection measures by partitioning the contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP changes. The results demonstrated that: 1) the average total and annual NPP values over the years were 209.15 Tg C and 468.06 g C/(m2·yr), respectively. Their trend increasingly fluctuated, with spatial distribution strongly linked to altitude(i.e., lower and higher NPP in high altitude and low altitude areas, respectively) and 2400 m represented the marginal altitude for vegetation differentiation; 2) areas where climate was the main factor affecting NPP accounted for 18.2% of the total research area, whereas human activities were the primary factor influencing NPP in 81.8% of the total research area, which indicated that human activity was the main force driving changes in NPP. Areas where climatic factors(i.e., temperature and precipitation) were the main driving factors occupied 13.6%(temperature) and 6.0%(precipitation) of the total research area, respectively. Therefore, the effect of temperature on NPP changes was stronger than that of precipitation; and 3) the majority of NPP residuals from 2001 to 2014 were positive, with human activities playing an active role in determining regional vegetation growth, possibly due to the return of farmland back to forest and natural forest protection. However, this positive trend is decreasing. This clearly shows the periodical nature of ecological projects and a lack of long-term effectiveness.     

茶园土壤pH值对茶叶从土壤中吸收锰的影响

探讨了我国主要产茶区 13个茶园不同叶龄茶叶锰含量的分布规律 ,土壤 0 .0 2mol/LCaCl2 提取的活性锰与土壤 pH的关系及茶叶锰含量与土壤 pH、土壤活性锰的关系。结果表明 :不同叶龄茶叶锰含量的分布规律为老叶 >成叶 >嫩叶 ;茶叶锰含量和土壤活性锰与土壤pH均呈显著负相关关系 ;茶叶锰含量与土壤活性锰呈显著正相关关系 ,茶园土壤 0 .0 2mol/LCaCl2 提取的活性锰可作为茶叶吸收利用的有效态锰     

日本的桩静载荷试验规程概况

文章全面地介绍了日本当前应用的桩载荷试验的有关规程、规范。可供我国同行参考。     

兖州矿区鲍店煤矿主副井破坏原因分析

本文认为兖州矿区鲍店煤矿主、副井井筒变形破坏的根本原因是第四系下组地下水加速下降导致地层沉降而产生垂向附加应力的结果。应采取的防治措施有：①完善地下水和地面沉降监测系统；②在第四系砂层与下伏基岩接触部位进行注浆，控制下组水位下降；③对主、副井井筒进行壁后注浆加增加强度，防止进一步破坏。     

南极菲尔德斯海峡三维形变网监测及精度分析

介绍了ＧＰＳ观测实施的情况，系统地分析了所采集的ＧＰＳ数据质量，估算了网的强度、可靠性和可监测性。并对今后监测提出了一些有益的建议。     

遥感技术在徽(州)-杭(州)高速公路(安徽段)地质灾害调查中的应用研究

徽-杭高速公路(安徽段)位于皖南山区腹地、地形地貌复杂，构造发育，是地质灾害多发地区。利用航卫片解译结合野外调查，在预选线共圈定出大小滑坡和崩塌252处，这些滑坡与崩塌多分布在新安江及其支流凹岸一侧或河流岸坡与沟谷切割且临空条件较好的斜坡地带，以及徽-杭老公路切坡地段。分布在预选线的大阜南侧滑坡、霞井西北段，荷花形292高地滑坡群的线路应作调整；榧树(土 太)滑坡体上的线路应改线另选新线。对雄村、尼姑庵、朱村、老竹岭脚等处的滑坡需进行勘察后，再提出有效的防治方案。