震后快速钻探:历史、现状与未来

大地震发生后立即在断层带上进行钻探可以帮助我们获取更多的地震信息,尤其是可获得决定断层动态破裂的摩擦水平和强度,观测断层的愈合过程及可能触发余震的应力变化,并可获取控制破裂过程的重要的物理和化学属性。在2008年11月由国际大陆科学钻探项目（ICDP）和南加州地震中心（SCEC）联合在日本东京举办的为期3天的“震后快速钻探：历史、现状与未来”研讨会上,     

Uncertainty analysis of CO_2 flux components in subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation

We present an uncertainty analysis of ecological process parameters and CO2 flux components (Reco, NEE and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE)) derived from 3 years’ continuous eddy covariance meas-urements of CO2 fluxes at subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation, Qianyanzhou of ChinaFlux. Daily-differencing approach was used to analyze the random error of CO2 fluxes measurements and bootstrapping method was used to quantify the uncertainties of three CO2 flux components. In addition, we evaluated different ...     

地球同步轨道附近哨声湍流对“种子电子”的加速

本文在等离子体准线性理论下研究了地球同步轨道附近哨声湍流对亚暴“种子电子”的波-电子共振相互作用. 当发生这种共振时，“种子电子”的动量分布函数经动量扩散而随时间演化，部分低能电子数减少了，而高能尾部分的相对论电子（能量大于1MeV）数增加了，说明“种子电子”得到了哨声湍流的有效加速，且哨声湍流的能量越高，其加速效率越高. 另外，哨声湍流的频率越低（或波数越小），共振电子的能量越高（或单位质量的动量越大）；频率范围越宽，共振电子的能量范围越宽，被加速的电子数也越多. 磁层哨声湍流加速“种子电子” 大约在30h内就可以造成相对论电子数显著增加，这正好和大多数磁暴期间观测到的相对论电子通量的增长时间相当.     

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.     

华夏植物群起源中心的研究

要贺兰山一带石炭纪、二叠纪地层发育,晚石炭世早期至二叠纪的地层连续出露,其中富含植物化石,特别是晚石炭世纳缪尔B—C期的红土洼组含丰富的早期华夏植物群分子。笔者多年来的研究表明,在此连续剖面上,植物化石反映出植物群的演化趋势颇为明显,构成石炭纪和二叠纪植物群较为连续的演化序列。植物群中含有大量的华夏型分子,属典型的华夏植物群。内蒙古阿拉善左旗呼鲁斯太剖面晚石炭世早期红土洼组是迄今为止含华夏植物群的最有代表性层位,所含植物化石是目前已记载的最为丰富的晚石炭世早期华夏型植物组合,因此笔者认为贺兰山一带可视为华夏植物群的起源中心。     

蛇绿岩建造非金属矿床成矿系列初步探讨

我国蛇绿岩分布广泛。蛇绿岩中有着成因上和时空上紧密联系的一系列非金属矿床,它们构成了蛇绿岩建造非金属矿床成矿系列。这一成矿系列中的主要非金属矿有橄榄岩、玄武岩、蛇纹岩、石棉、滑石、玉石类等等,主要的成矿作用有岩浆作用、接触变质作用、交代蚀变作用等。其成矿作用和矿床分布模式有明显规律,这些规律对于地质勘查、资源开发等都具有重要的意义。     

辽宁西部八家子多金属矿田控矿构造型式

本文分析了八家子多金属矿田的地质构造特征,提出该区的构造型式为一个滑脱—逆冲推覆构造。它是在北西问南东方向的侧向挤压作用下,由八家子附近的中上元古界与古生界地质块体,沿着与基底花岗岩的界面自北西向南东滑移造成的。主要表现特征是:在前缘形成了呈铲式的收缩型滑脱断层、逆冲断层等挤压性构造,在后缘则出现张裂带并陷落成盆地,两侧发育具有转换断层性质的走滑断层。逆冲断层及边界走精断层是区内主要控矿构造。八家子滑脱—逆冲推覆构造的主要活动时期为三叠纪晚期,结束于早侏罗世。     

有关内蒙古地质构造的一线之见——江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段研究报道之一

本文概述了江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段——包头至满都拉的地质观察结果。内容包括从太古宙乌拉山群到第四系、基底构造到新构造特征的七个方面。重点论述了渣尔泰群和白云鄂博群的构造性质,它们约在14亿年前才褶皱回返,代表了华北地台基底固结最迟的地段。造成这一事件的构造运动,拟称为色尔腾运动。此外,还讨论了华北地台北侧陆缘区加里东期和华力西期的构造     

Statistical Study and Prediction of Variability of Erythemal Ultraviolet Irradiance Solar Values in Valencia,Spain

The goal of this study was to statistically analyse the variability of global irradiance and ultraviolet erythemal (UVER) irradiance and their interrelationships with global and UVER irradiance, global clearness indices and ozone. A prediction of short-term UVER solar irradiance values was also obtained. Extreme values of UVER irradiance were included in the data set, as well as a time series of ultraviolet irradiance variability (UIV). The study period was from 2005 to 2014 and approximately 250,000 readings were taken at 5-min intervals. The effect of the clearness indices on global irradiance variability (GIV) and UIV was also recorded and bi-dimensional distributions were used to gather information on the two measured variables. With regard to daily GIV and UIV, it is also shown that for global clearness index (k_t) values lower than 0.6 both global and UVER irradiance had greater variability and that UIV on cloud-free days (k_t higher than 0.65) exceeds GIV. To study the dependence between UIV and GIV the χ² statistical method was used. It can be concluded that there is a 95% probability of a clear dependency between the variabilities. A connection between high k_t (corresponding to cloudless days) and low variabilities was found in the analysis of bi-dimensional distributions. Extreme values of UVER irradiance were also analyzed and it was possible to calculate the probable future values of UVER irradiance by extrapolating the values of the adjustment curve obtained from the Gumbel distribution.     

The 100th anniversary of Ivan Dmitrievich Sedletskii

Chronicle

The 100th anniversary of Ivan Dmitrievich Sedletskii