MODIS与Landsat 8地表温度融合拼接——以粤港澳大湾区为例

以粤港澳大湾区为例,基于时空影像融合模型(STI-FM),提出大区域多源LST(Land Surface Temperature,LST)影像融合拼接模型(Multi-source Image Fusion Stitching Model,MI-FSM),消除时间不同、天气差异的影响,生成覆盖大湾区的中高分辨率地表温度数据。首先,应用STI-FM融合MODISLST与Landsat LST,将不同时相的多幅LandsatLST合成为具有统一特定时相的LST影像。然后,对合成的LST影像进行镶嵌处理,实现粤港澳大湾区多幅Landsat 8 LST图像的拼接。为了验证STI-FM在研究区的适用性,选取研究区中心“夏-夏、冬-夏”2组Landsat 8 LST图像,将合成的Landsat LST与验证数据进行对比与评价,结果表明:STI-FM在研究区具有较强的适用性。对精度进行评价,验证模型的可靠性,结果表明:不同时相MODISLST图像间拟合程度较高,其回归分析的确定系数(M)均在0.6-0.9之间,RMSE均<1.5;最后对整体以及局部细节的目视分析表明:融合拼接的成果较为理想。     

豫西渑池地区中元古界兵马沟组沉积环境分析

华北克拉通南缘中元古代早期发育陆源碎屑-碳酸盐岩沉积,豫西地区兵马沟组作为其早期陆源碎屑充填沉积,对于探讨中元古代早期华北克拉通南缘沉积环境演化有重要意义。在野外地质剖面实测基础上,结合岩性及粒度特征划分沉积相,探讨渑池地区兵马沟组沉积环境演化,为华北克拉通南缘中元古代早期沉积环境演化提供约束。豫西渑池地区兵马沟组剖面自下而上主要岩性为含砾砂岩-粉砂岩、泥岩-含砾砂岩,垂向上沉积物粒度特征具粗-细-粗的变化,概率累计曲线揭示其水动力条件先减小后变大,兵马沟组下段为河控三角洲的三角洲平原-三角洲前缘-前三角洲-三角洲前缘亚相,上段为滨海相的临滨-前滨亚相,其代表华北克拉通南缘构造活跃期-稳定盖层沉积期之间初期海进-海退旋回;中元古代早期,华北克拉通南缘表现为北东高南西低的古地形特征,兵马沟组是该时期熊耳群或华北克拉通古老基底遭受快速剥蚀的产物;对比不同地区的兵马沟组沉积特征,其在区域上的沉积差异可能是沉积时间及古地形差异性造成的。渑池地区兵马沟组在该时期仍受华北克拉通熊耳裂谷活动的影响,兵马沟组记录了裂谷盆地充填早期的演化过程,对研究华北克拉通南缘中元古代早期大地构造演化具有重要意义。     

荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落物种多样性和地上生物量对降雨量的响应

利用野外降雨量增减试验平台,研究了荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落物种多样性和地上生物量对降雨量的响应特征。结果表明:降雨量增加或减少均能导致物种的改变,使物种多样性发生变化。处理中,4种物种多样性指数整体表现为8月高于6月。降雨量减少40%时,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势集中性指数和物种丰富度Patrick指数最低,减少20%时,Pielou均匀度指数最低。降雨量增减也能够导致盖度与生物量的响应。降雨量减少60%、40%、20%时,6月植被盖度高于8月;降雨量增加20%、40%、60%时,6月植被盖度低于8月。降雨量减少和增加对荒漠草原植被盖度都有累加效应,即随时间变化,增雨处理使植被盖度持续升高,反之亦然。随降雨量增加,地上现存生物量逐渐升高,且在降雨量增加60%时达最大。降雨量减少60%、40%、20%和增加20%,都会显著降低凋落物生物量(P<0.05)。随降雨量增加,地上现存生物量与凋落物生物量的比值增大。在荒漠草原沙生针茅群落中,降雨量增加,有利于地上现存生物量的积累和地上总生物量的提高。影响荒漠草原地区植物群落地上生物量和物种多样性的关键降雨量变化范围为减雨40%～20%和增雨40%～60%。超出该范围,植物群落地上生物量和物种多样性对降雨变化的响应都会减弱。增雨20%～40%对地上生物量和物种多样性的影响不显著。     

Fracture Development at Laminated Floor Layers Under Longwall Face in Deep Coal Mining

Natural Resources Research - The increment of stress level and fracture depth in deep longwall mining can cause groundwater inrush accidents frequently, and it is essential to study the...     

Mapping Mineral Prospectivity via Semi-supervised Random Forest

Natural Resources Research - The majority of machine learning algorithms that have been applied in data-driven predictive mapping of mineral prospectivity require a sufficient number of training...     

Spatiotemporal variations of cultivated land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on carbon emission constraints

In this study,the carbon emissions(CEs)from cultivated land(CL)were included as an undesirable output in the utilization efficiency of such land.A slack-based model was used to calculate the CL use efficiency(CLUE)for 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)from 2007 to 2016,and then a kernel density estimation map was drawn to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of CLUE.The Tobit model was also employed to analyze the factors affecting the CLUE.The results show the following.1)In the YREB,the CEs from CL showed a rising and then a slowly decreasing trend.In this paper,we calculate CEs by carbon emission factors and major carbon sources,and the CEs from CL in the YREB totaled 25.2354 million tons in 2007.By 2014,the value had increased gradually to 28.4400 million tons,and by 2016 it had declined to 27.8922 million tons,suggesting that the carbon-emission reduction measures of the government had an impact.2)The CLUE of various provinces and cities in the YREB showed an upward trend in the time dimension,while for the spatial dimension,the kernel density was high in the east and low in the west,and the areas with high kernel density were mainly located in the Yangtze River Delta.3)The per capita gross domestic product,the primary industrial output,and the number of agricultural technicians per 10,000 people had positive effects on the CLUE.The CL area per capita and the electrical power per hectare for agricultural machinery had significant negative impacts on CLUE.In addition,every 1%increase in the number of agricultural technicians increased the CLUE by 0.057%.     

Transmittance investigation on capacitive mesh on thick dielectric substrates as output windows for optically pumped terahertz lasers

This paper reports that an output window for optically pumped terahertz (THz) laser has been fabricated by depositing a capacitive nickel-mesh on a thick high-resistivity silicon substrate (approximating to 5 mm thick). Unlike the conventional process of depositing a gold film approximating to 100 nm on negative photoresist using electron-beam evaporation, a nickel film approximating to 1.5 μm thick is directly deposited on the clean surface of dielectric substrate using magnetron sputtering and then a positive photoresist is spun onto the nickel metal surface at 6000 r for 60 s. A transmittance spectrum of the output window in a certain frequency range (say, from zero to 1 THz) has been obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy. Moreover a transmittance spectrum simulated numerically has also been estimated with respect to the output window using the transmission-line model (TLM) containing attenuation component from dielectric substrate. The simulation results show that the TLM can explain well the experimental curve in a certain frequency range from zero to 1 THz. Thus it is demonstrated that the improved optical component can be efficiently used as both output coupler and output window for optically pumped THz lasers.     

珠江流域水质现状及以区域合作为特色的水污染控制措施

通过对珠江流域水质现状的全面分析,找出污染源,发现水中COD、油类污染物、氨氮、总磷等超标,并有水质进一步恶化和水体富营养化的可能.根据珠江流域的水污染特点,提出了相应的水污染控制措施,主要有落实各项水污染控制工程、完善政策法规、强调舆论监督、加强治理力度等,并且将区域合作思想贯穿整个水污染控制工程.     

多力系扭转流变仪的试验原理及其应用

土力学是一门应用技术科学,试验研究对本学科的发展具有举足轻重的意义.往往一个新的土力学问题的提出和解决与试验实践是分不开的,而且往往是与新的试验设备的出现和新的试验方法的实施相关联的.在研究土体的应力～应变和时间关系(本构关系式)、土的破坏条件与强度实质问题、土的长期强度和残余强度、地基在各种变形条件下的沉陷理论等问题中,由于作为地质介质的土,是由固、液、气三相组成的复杂体系,是历史过程的产物,     

毛乌素沙地绿洲化过程中生态服务价值及生态网络格局演变

揭示沙地生态系统服务价值及其稳定性网络格局的动态演变规律,对沙地分区治理及农、林、牧产业结构调整具有重要意义。以1986年以来土地利用变化数据为基础,统计分析毛乌素沙地生态系统服务价值（ESV）时空分异规律,以生态服务价值最大化为目标和策略,利用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）,探讨了毛乌素沙地生态网络格局演变规律。结果表明：（1）1986—2020年,随着毛乌素沙地绿洲化过程的推进,林地取代沙地成为毛乌素沙地的主导地类,2020年林草覆盖率达71.38%。（2）1986—2020年,毛乌素沙地生态服务价值整体上升了198.76亿元,1986—2006、2006—2020年沙地生态服务价值增长速率分别为每年2.51亿元和10.62亿元;从空间上来看极高生态服务价值区集中分布在河南乡和毛盖图苏木,至2016年以来逐渐扩展到苏米图苏木、嘎鲁图镇等区域。（3）生态网络格局呈明显的双区分异,即生态网络稀疏的西北区,以沙地复垦地、流动沙丘和半流动沙丘为主;以及生态网络稠密的东南区,以林草覆盖率较高的固定沙地和河流、湖泊水资源丰富地区为主,且随生态服务价值高值点迁移,稳定性网络结构逐年向东北方向偏移。